Penang Electronic Blog

PR 23 :
Multifunction Mobile Robot

Project Board
The various boards.
Main Board The main 16F628 processor board (two required later).
Main Board Two A 16F876 based processor board.
Main Board Three A 16F877 based processor board.
LED Board Eight LED's for displaying the outputs from one port.
Switch Board Four pushbutton switches for connecting to one port.
LCD Board An LCD text display board, in 4 bit mode, connecting to one port.
Joystick Board A board for connecting an analogue PC joystick.
IR Board An Infrared transmitter/receiver board (two required).
I2C EEPROM Board An I2C EEPROM board.
I2C Clock Board An I2C battery backed clock board.
I2C A2D Board A four channel A2D converter via the I2C bus.
I2C Switch Board Four push buttons for use with the I2C boards.
RS232 Board An RS232 interface board.
Stepper Board A stepper motor driver board.
Keypad Board An interface for a HEX keypad.
7 Segment LED Board An interface to a dual 7 segment LED display.
Analogue Board Provides two analogue inputs, and a precision voltage reference.
Wireless Boards Two boards, comprising TX and RX wireless modules.
Matrix LED Board A large board containing an 8x8 matrix of 64 LED's
Next Board To be arranged!.

Tony Buzan's Mind Mapping

2008-10-13T20:00:00.000-07:00

Tony Buzan's Mind Mapping - The Ultimate Thinking Tool

Mind Mapping Mindmap Book Mind Map Software Mind Map Video

The basic learning principles of mind mapping or those of similar concepts have continued virtually for centuries, and hold kept on exhausted by selected of the most massive creative genius' and a good number of influential individuals in history such as Leonardo Da Vinci, Galileo Galilei, Richard Feynman, William Blake and Albert Einstein. However the leg work ‘mind mapping' was not based until the 1960s by Tony Buzan, a psychologist and leading expert in districts of the brain this kind of as learning and memory. Today millions of lendees available the world use mind mapping for a wide variety of actions ranging from simply to become better planners or more confident public speakers, additonally others use them to deal with problems on a a good deal more large scale.

Tony Buzan states a mind map is the ultimate organizational thought tool, it is the easiest way to put information into your brain and take information out of your brain – it's a creative and effective means of note choosing that literally ‘maps out' your thoughts. Mind Maps have a natural structure that radiates from the centre and use lines, symbols, words and images according to a set of innate and brain-friendly rules. A extensively register of boring information can be changed to colourful, memorable, highly organized diagrams with mind mapping that reflect your brains natural way of thinking and encourage synergetic thinking.

Linear note-taking and list making is the worst way to encourage creativity and thinking, it locks the brain behind ‘prison bars' such a methodically disconnects one thought based on data from another, whilst mind mapping branches stem outwards to form an additional level of sub-branches such a flow with your thoughts and ideas. The mind, while may already contain the knowledge or information, is mostly highly disorganised and you may hold trouble retrieving the stored information when required. Mind Maps service you learn, organise and store hints in a way that sells you entrance to your brain when and at which you seek it.

Imagination and association are the two primary principles the current instigate mind mapping so effective. Our intelligence work with sensory images with appropriate links and associations radiating them. Mind Mapping reflects the cleverness natural, image filled thought processes and helps reinforce the maps of thought in your brain. This is why the ability to mind map comes so naturally to the majority of consumers and serves to be exhausted as a natural poll tool. Opening the way for phenomenal improvement in your idea power.

When developing creative skills you are not only improving your ability to appear up providing innovative ideas you are also, by default, enhancing your ability to remember things. This is because creativity and memory are vertically identical mental processes – properties both work best when you are you imagination and association.

The brain is split to the left and affirmative hemisphere. Each hemisphere looks at different mental skills i.e. the left develops verbal, mathematical and analytical abilities, whilst the properly is connected to drawing, music, spatial awareness, and imagination. The hemispheres are utterly separate systems and are rarely exhausted together. However mind mapping uses aspects of both sides of the brain. If used together each side of the brain simultaneously reinforces the more and more in a manner which permits limitless creative potential and strengthens the ability for greater associations most massive to greater intellectual firepower.

Programming dsPIC (Digital Signal Controllers) in C

2008-09-27T03:17:00.000-07:00

Programming dsPIC (Digital Signal Controllers) in C”

Learn how to write your own program, debug it, and use it to start the microcontroller. We have provided plenty of practical examples with necessary connection schematics: temperature sensors, AD and DA converters, LCD and LED displays, relays, communications, and the book is constantly being updated with fresh examples. All code is commented in details to make it easier for beginners. Instruction set, operators, control structures, and other elements of C are thoroughly explained with many examples. Also, the book includes a useful appendix on mikroC for dsPIC development environment: how to install it and how to use it to its full potential.

Authors: Zoran Milivojević, Djordje Šaponjić

“Architecture and Programming of 8051 Microcontrollers”

2008-09-27T03:15:00.000-07:00

“Architecture and Programming of 8051 Microcontrollers”

Learn in a quick and easy way to program 8051 microcontroller using many practical examples we have provided for you. Despite its relative old age, 8051 is still the most commonly used microcontroller at present. Beside Intel, many other renowned companies manufacture this model - Philips, Siemens, etc. The book contains details of its architecture and many practical examples, both simple and complex, useful program routines, instructions on handling the programmer for Atmel 51 series, and the guide on using the development systems for Atmel microcontrollers. In the appendices you will find detailed assembler instructions with examples, glossary and much more...

Author: Milan Verle

“Programming PIC Microcontrollers in BASIC” — online, free

2008-09-27T03:12:00.000-07:00

“Programming PIC Microcontrollers in BASIC” — online, free

Online comprehensive manual for programming PIC microcontrollers in BASIC.

Learn how to write your own program, debug it, and use it to start the microcontroller. We have provided plenty of practical examples with necessary connection schemes: temperature sensors, AD and DA converters, LCD and LED displays, relays, communications, and the book is constantly being updated with fresh examples. All code is commented in details to make it easier for beginners. Instruction set, operators, control structures, and other elements of BASIC are thoroughly explained with many examples. Also, the book includes a useful appendix on mikroBasic development environment: how to install it and how to use it to its full potential.

Agilent Education Resources

2008-06-30T15:53:00.000-07:00

"Agilent Education Resources"

In engineering school, we learn to represent sinusoidal wave forms with vectors. But a paper textbook can't do justice to a time-varying vector. The java animations below add life to vectors and help the student visualize how time-varying signals combine to make a waveform. Looking for Agilent Oscilloscope Demos?

Java Animations

IQ Modulation
This program provides some insight into the workings of an I/Q (in-phase/quadrature) modulator by plotting vectors (phasors), waveforms, and symbols on the I/Q plane.

Smith Chart
This program introduces the Smith Chart and demonstrates how it can be used to relate a transmission line reflection coefficient to the load impedance.

Wave Propagation along a Transmission Line
This program illustrates the propagation of a signal along a transmission line.

Single-Side-Band Demodulation
This simulation demonstrates the error in demodulating a single-sideband signal as a function of the relative amplitude of the reinserted carrier. The program compares the demodulated waveform to the modulating waveform and shows the difference.

Amplitude Modulation
This simulation demonstrates the original amplitude modulation method used for transmitting audio signals over radio frequency waves. It is still used today in AM radio. This applet demonstrates the modulation process.

Generating Waveforms with Vectors
Any waveform, from a pure sine wave to a complex cardiac waveform, can be created by adding a specific set of sine waves. This simulation shows what happens when you add in-phase harmonics to a sine wave. It also shows the equivalent rotating vectors, which, in the author's view, make the mathematical process easier to understand.

Generating Pulses
This applet shows the huge number of harmonics of the pulse repetition frequency that are necessary to reproduce a low duty-cycle pulse train. Practically speaking, this shows that if you want to amplify a very low duty-cycle pulse train, you need an amplifier with large bandwidth. Notice that with a duty cycle of 10%, it takes more than ten harmonics to produce a good pulse. The more bandwidth the amplifier has, the more harmonics it can pass, and the faster the "rise time" of the pulse can be. You may choose between two different views: a standard view displaying each of the component waveform and a composite three-dimensional view.

3D View Generating Pulses

Time Domain vs. Frequency Domain
The 3-d plot of frequency, amplitude and time shows the fundamental of a sine wave and up to 3 harmonics, as they are formed by rotating vectors. It's another way to view the construction of a complex waveform.

Measurement Uncertainty

Superheterodyne Spectrum Analyzer
This program illustrates the workings of a superheterodyne spectrum analyzer.

PIC Microcontrollers 16F887 ebook

2008-06-26T16:29:00.000-07:00

PIC Microcontrollers 16F887 ebook
If you haven’t done it so far then it’s high time to learn what the microcontrollers are and how they operate. Numerous illustrations and practical examples along with detailed description of the PIC16F887 will make you enjoy your work with the PIC microcontrollers
Author: Milan Verle

a collection of Microcontroller hardware, software, book and videos

Click Here to Sell Your Products or Become a Super Affiliate

PIC microcontrollers, for beginners

2008-06-26T16:25:00.000-07:00

PIC microcontrollers, for beginners too

on-line, FREE! author: Nebojsa Matic

PIC microcontrollers : low-cost computers-in-a-chip; they allow electronics designers and hobbyists add intelligence and functions that mimic big computers for almost any electronic product or project. The purpose of this book is not to make a microcontroller expert out of you, but to make you equal to those who had someone to go to for their answers. Book contains many practical examples, complete assembler instruction set, appendix on MPLAB program package and more...

In this book you can find:

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about this item

Practical connection samples for

Relays, Optocouplers, LCD's, Keys, Digits, A to D Converters, Serial communication etc.

Introduction to microcontrollers

Learn what they are, how they work, and how they can be helpful in your work.

Assembler language programming

How to write your first program, use of macros, addressing modes...

Instruction Set

Description, sample and purpose for using each instruction...

MPLAB program package

How to install it, how to start the first program, following the program step by step in the simulator...

PIC's Projects video
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION TO MICROCONTROLLERS

Introduction
History
Microcontrollers versus microprocessors
Microchip PIC
1.1 Memory unit
1.2 Central processing unit
1.3 Buses
1.4 Input-output unit
1.5 Serial communication
1.6 Timer unit
1.7 Watchdog
1.8 Analog to digital converter
1.9 Program

CHAPTER II
MICROCONTROLLER PIC16F84

Introduction

CISC, RISC
Applications
Clock/instruction cycle
Pipelining
Pin description

2.1 Clock generator - oscillator
2.2 Reset
2.3 Central processing unit
2.4 Ports
2.5 Memory organization
2.6 Interrupts
2.7 Free timer TMR0
2.8 EEPROM Data memory

CHAPTER III
ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING

Introduction

3.1 Representing numbers in assembler
3.2 Assembly language elements
3.3 Writing a sample program
3.4 Control directives
3.5 Files created as a result of program translation

CHAPTER IV
MPLAB

Introduction
4.1 Installing the MPLAB program package
4.2 Welcome to MPLAB
4.3 Designing a project
4.4 Creating a new Assembler file
4.5 Writing a program
4.6 Toolbar icons
4.7 MPSIM simulator

CHAPTER V
MACROS AND SUBPROGRAMS

Introduction
5.1 Macros
5.2 Subprograms
5.3 Macros used in the examples

CHAPTER VI
EXAMPLES FOR SUBSYSTEMS WITHIN MICROCONTROLLER

Introduction
6.1 Writing to and reading from EEPROM
6.2 Processing interrupt caused by changes on pins RB4-RB7
6.3 Processing interrupt caused by change on pin RB0
6.4 Processing interrupt caused by overflow on timer TMR0
6.5 Processing interrupt caused by overflow on TMR0 connected to external input (TOCKI)

CHAPTER VII
EXAMPLES

Introduction
7.1 The microcontroller power supply
7.2 LED diodes
7.3 Push buttons
7.4 Optocouplers
7.4.1 Optocoupler on input line
7.4.2 Optocoupler on output line
7.5 Relay
7.6 Generating sound
7.7 Shift registers
7.7.1 Input shift register
7.7.2 Output shift register
7.8 7-segment display (multiplexing)
7.9 LCD display
7.10 Software SCI communication

APPENDIX A
INSTRUCTION SET

Introduction
Instruction set in PIC16Cxx microcontroller family
Data Transfer
Arithmetic and logic
Bit operations
Directing the program flow
Instruction execution period
Word list
Instruction list

APPENDIX B
NUMERIC SYSTEMS

Introduction
B.1 Decimal numeric system
B.2 Binary numeric system
B.3 Hexadecimal numeric system

APPENDIX C GLOSSARY

Introduction to PLC controllers

2008-06-25T21:13:00.000-07:00

Introduction to PLC controllers on-line, FREE! author: Nebojsa Matic

PLC videos

Chapter I Operating system

Introduction
1.1 Conventional control panel
1.2 Control panel with a PLC controller
1.3 Systematic approach to designing a process control system

Chapter II Introduction to PLC controllers

Introduction
2.1 First programmed controllers
2.2 PLC controller parts
2.3 Central processing Unit –CPU
2.4 Memory
2.5 PLC controller programming
2.6 Power supply
2.7 Input to PLC controller
2.8 Input adjustment interface
2.9 PLC controller output
2.10 Output adjustment interface
2.11 Extension lines

Chapter III Connecting sensors and output devices

3.1 Sinking-Sourcing concept
3.2 Input lines
3.3 Output lines

Chapter IV Architecture of a specific PLC controller

Introduction
4.1 Why OMRON?
4.2 CPM1A PLC controller
4.3 PLC controller output lines
4.4 PLC controller input lines
4.5 Memory map for CPM1A PLC controller

Chapter V Relay diagram

Introduction
5.1 Relay diagram
5.2 Normally open and Normally closed contacts
5.3 Short example

Chapter VI SYSWIN, program for PLC controller programming

Introduction
6.1 How to connect a PLC controller to a PC
6.2 SYSWIN program installation
6.3 Writing a first program
6.4 Saving a project
6.5 Program transfer to PLC controller
6.6 Checkup of program function
6.7 Meaning of tool-bar icons
6.8 PLC controller function modes
6.9 RUN mode
6.10 MONITOR mode
6.11 PROGRAM-STOP mode
6.12 Program execution and monitoring
6.13 Program checkup during monitoring
6.14 Graphic display of dimension changes in a program

Chapter VII Examples

Introduction
7.1 Self-maintenance
7.2 Making large time intervals
7.3 Counter over 9999
7.4 Delays of ON and OFF status
7.5 Alternate ON-OFF output
7.6 Automation of parking garage for 100 vehicles
7.7 Operating a charge and discharge process
7.8 Automation of product packaging
7.9 Automation a storage door

Appendix A Expanding the number of I/O lines

Introduction
A.1 Differences and similarities
A.2 Marking a PLC controller
A.3 Specific case

Appendix B Detailed memory map for PLC controller

Introduction
B.1 General explanation of memory regions
B.2 IR memory region
B.3 SR memory region
B.4 AR memory region
B.5 PC memory region

Appendix C PLC diagnostics

Introduction
C.1 Diagnostic functions of a PLC controller
C.2 Errors
C.3 Fatal errors
C.4 User defined errors
C.5 Failure Alarm –FAL(06)
C.6 Severe Failure Alarm –FALS(07)
C.7 MESSAGE –MSG(46)
C.8 Syntax errors
C.9 Algorithm for finding errors in a program

Appendix D Numerical systems

Introduction
D.1 Decimal numerical system
D.2 Binary numerical system
D.3 Hexadecimal numerical system

Appendix E Detailed set of instructions

Download SYSWIN

Disk1 [1.24Mb]
Disk2 [1.44Mb]
Disk3 [1.44Mb]

A collection of free electronic ebook online

2008-06-24T17:01:00.000-07:00

A collection of free electronic ebook online.

PIC, PLC, Radio Receiver, Electronic Components , 8051 and etc.

Books

The content published in the books is subject to copyright and must not be reproduced in any form without an explicit written permission released from the editorial of mikroElektronika. The book was prepared with due care and attention, however the publisher doesn't accept any responsibility neither for the exactness of the information published therein, nor for any consequences of its application.

PIC Microcontrollers NEW!!!

The purpose of this book is to provide the basic information about microcontrollers that one needs to know in order to be able to use them successfully in practice. Given examples are more proof that program writing is neither a privilege nor a talent issue, but the ability of simple putting puzzle pieces together using directives. You will be assured that design and development of devices mainly comes to the method “test-correct-repeat”.[more]

BASIC for PIC microcontrollers

What did we thereby get? Before all, the time of writing was shortened by employment of prepared functions that BASIC brings in (whose programming in assembler would have taken the biggest portion of time). In this way, the programmer can concentrate on solving the essential task without losing his time on writing the code for LCD display. [more]

PIC microcontrollers 3rd edition !!!

PIC microcontrollers; low-cost computers-in-a-chip; allows electronics designers and hobbyists add intelligence and functions that mimic big computers for almost any electronic product or project. The purpose of this book is not to make a microcontroller expert out of you, but to make you equal to those who had someone to go to for their answers. [more]

Programming dsPIC MCU in PASCAL

Learn how to write your own program, debug it, and use it to start the microcontroller. We have provided plenty of practical examples with necessary connection schematics and the book is constantly being updated with fresh examples. All code is commented in details to make it easier for beginners. Also, the book includes a useful appendix on mikroPascal for dsPIC development environment: how to install it and how to use it to its full potential. [more]

Programming dsPIC MCU in BASIC

Learn how to write your own program, debug it, and use it to start the microcontroller. We have provided plenty of practical examples with necessary connection schematics and the book is constantly being updated with fresh examples. All code is commented in details to make it easier for beginners. Also, the book includes a useful appendix on mikroBasic for dsPIC development environment: how to install it and how to use it to its full potential. [more]

Programming dsPIC MCU in C

Learn how to write your own program, debug it, and use it to start the microcontroller. We have provided plenty of practical examples with necessary connection schematics and the book is constantly being updated with fresh examples. All code is commented in details to make it easier for beginners. Also, the book includes a useful appendix on mikroC for dsPIC development environment: how to install it and how to use it to its full potential. [more]

Architecture and programming of 8051 MCU's

Learn in a quick and easy way to program 8051 microcontroller using many practical examples we have provided for you. The book contains details of 8051 architecture and many practical examples, useful program routines, instructions on handling the programmer for Atmel 51 series, and the guide on using the dev. systems for Atmel MCU's. [more]

Components of electronic devices

This book is meant for the people with desire to create electronic devices with their own hands. All the examples are illustrated and each component in the schematics is explained in details. Beside the complex examples that can have practical application, there are also elementary examples to guarantee successful start for beginners. [more]

Radio Receivers

It is hard to imagine what would the modern world look like without the permanent exchange of huge quantity of information. It is being transferred by various means, however, the fastest way of doing it, and sometimes the only one, is by radio, where transfer is being done by electromagnetic waves, traveling at the speed of light. [more]

Introduction to industrial PLC controllers

What are they? How to connect a simple sensor? How to program in ladder diagram? In this book you will find answers for this question and more...[more]

Other Authors Books

At this section you can find others authors books. All other authors books are based on mikroElektronika products. The content published in the books is subject to copyright and must not be reproduced in any form without an explicit written permission released from authors of the books.

Microcontrôleurs PIC : programmation en Basic

This work answers a keen demand of all those among you who control the programming in BASIC but not out of assembler and which thus wishes to know how to make to program. With this work, of a genuine "toolbox" allowing you to pass immediately to the practice. This book is written on French.
Buy this book.
Author's Webpage.

mikroBASIC Derleyici - Türkçe Kitap

Öğrenciler, akademisyenler, profesyoneller… “Gömülü Elektronik” kullanarak “Akıllı Cihaz” geliştirme konusunda ülkemize yeni bir pencere açtık… Makina dili bilmeye gerek kalmadan “mahşerin 3 atlısı” ile gömülü elektroniğe dolu dizgin…
Buy this book.
Author's Webpage.

PLC Trainer Software and video

2008-06-20T16:08:00.000-07:00

Free Industrial & Manufacturing Magazines and White Papers Browse through our extensive list of free Engineering magazines, white papers, downloads and podcasts to find the titles that best match your skills and interests.

Free Basic RFID Training Course. (10meg) A no obligation FREE RFID course, that can be downloaded to your own PC and you can view it without any restrictions at all! Includes a self -tests to ensure that you learn all the basic concepts of RFID technology.

Free PLC Introduction Training Video in AVI video format (204 K) (See new video download area for more formats and titles.)

More Free Downloads:

RFID Technology Applications: RFID case studies. Learn about RFID applications by studying these 25 real life RFID case studies in the form of an Ebook. You will need to use password "abhisam" to open this PDF file. >> RFIDCaseStudyBookBin95.pdf Also about RFID, white paper pharmaceutical-RFID-systems.pdf

Gas and Air Compressor Training CD Training covers most compressors types. Download tour >> Gas Air Compressor Training

We have added a new directory for More Free Downloads, that contains free software that does not fall into one of the other existing download directories. Below is the first program added to this new download directory.

Safety, Risk Terminator Software (1.9meg) a very useful tool for anyone in the Safety Profession.

New Downloads:

Electrical Troubleshooting Skills Series New 2007 Version! The new V3 version is Vista 32bit compatible and offers more electrical faults to troubleshoot and the capability to download even more and a much improved user interface, for your continued education.

Basic Electrical Troubleshooting Training Demo

20M

Demo our troubleshooting software on a

simple electrical lighting circuit.

Electrical Control Circuit Troubleshooting Demo

31M

Demo our software on a more complex

electrical control circuit for elevator control.

Motor Control Troubleshooting Software Demo

26M

Demo our software for troubleshooting motor

controls (three phase reversing motor starter).

Demo - Hazardous Area Instrumentation Training downloadable free demo to give you a sample of the Hazardous Area Instrumentation Training CD. An excellent course for those designing, maintaining and operating Instrumentation and Control Systems in Hazardous Areas. Includes contemporary topics like "Fieldbus in hazardous areas" too. Inexpensive version for use with LMS systems for corporate/ multi location/multiple user clients, SCORM and AICC compatible available too.

Demo - Bearing and Lubrication Training downloadable free demo to give you a sample of the Bearing and Lubrication Training CD.

Most Popular Software Downloads!

PLC Training and Simulator:

Download the demo "PLCTrainer" that uses RSLogix ™ ladder logic look and feel. An ideal tool for learning the fundamentals of the PLC and RSLogix ™ ladder logic programming. (The paid version only is WINDOWS VISTA COMPATIBLE)

Ver 3, PLC Trainer 3 CBT (29.0meg)

Electrical Troubleshooting Series:

Download all 3 "Electrical Troubleshooting" Computer Base Training (CBT) program demos at once.

Or download from the list below, each Electrical Troubleshooting program individually for those who do not have high speed internet.

Vol 1, Basic Electrical Troubleshooting Training Demo CBT (20meg)
Vol 2, Electrical Control Circuit Troubleshooting Demo CBT (31meg)
Vol 3, Motor Control Troubleshooting Software Demo CBT (26meg)

MP3 Audio Books:

MP3 Book, Japanese Path to Maintenance Excellence - mp3 free download sample of audio book. (Learn on the way to work and have fun too!)

XML Files ...

Motors and Machines: animations and java applets

2008-06-19T17:38:00.000-07:00

Motors and Machines: animations and java applets

3 phase AC motor when a magn

AC motor videos collectionide a generator with three coils positiond at 120 degrees from each other, then, by Faraday's law, we generate three-phase alternating c
Motor Videos and informationrrents

3 phase AC motor

Alimentation monophasé à 2 enroulements Alimentation monophasé à 2 enroulements, en Français

Brushless DC motor Brushless DC motor animation

Brushless dc motor, QuickTime

Brushless DC motor how a brushless DC motor works

Brushless DC motor T

Brushless DC motor video collectionshis animation is of a motor with a central rotor and peripheral stator, 4-pole brushless DC motor, how a 4-pole brushless DC motor works

Brushless DC motor 4-pole brushless DC motor, how a 4-pole brushless DC motor works

Brushless DC (BLDC) Motor Brushless motor animation Brushless motor animation, How does a brushless motor work?

Brushless DC (BLDC) Motor

Champs tournants en Français

Champ magnétique tournant 3f en Français

Champ tournant dans le moteur monophasé à 2 enroulements en Français

Champ tournant dans un moteur synchrone et asynchrone en Français

Currents and magnetic fields induced in an 3 phase empty stator simulation demonstrating currents and electromagnetic fields inside an the empty stator of an AC 3 phase motor, you will need LVRT.DLL

DC motor Direct Current Motor, how a Direct Current Motor works

DC motor Direct Current Motor, swf file

DC motor how a Direct Current Motor works

DC motor swf file

Démarrage et variation des moteurs asynchrones à cage swf file

Direct current electrical motor this Java applet shows a direct current electrical motor which is reduced to the most important parts for clarity. Instead of an armature with many windings and iron nucleus there is only a single rectangular conductor loop; the axis the loop rotates on is omitted, DC motor

Direct current motor Operation of a direct-current motor, how a direct-current motor works

Direct Start of 3 Phase Motors

Direct Start of 3 Phase Motors resistance starter

Direct Start of 3 Phase Motors slip ring

Direct Start of 3 Phase Motors Y-Delta

Direct Start of 3 Phase Motors Overload relay

Electric machines, space vectors, and magnetic field distributions in motion, Movie clips

Electric motors and generators Schematics and operation of different types of motor, DC motors, Motors and generators, Alternators, Back emf, 'Universal' motors, Build a simple motor, AC motors (synchronous and stepper motors), Induction motors, Squirrel cage motors, Three phase induction motors, Linear motors, Loudspeakers, Transformers, AC vs DC generators

Induction motor-rotating fields Induction motor-rotating fields

Lenz's law this interactive tutorial illustrates the directional relationships between induced magnetic fields, voltage, and current when a conductor is passed within the lines of force of a magnetic field.

Lenz's law Electromagnetically induced current always flows in such direction that the action of the magnetic field set up by it tends to oppose the very cause which produce it

Linear motor moving coil, how a Linear motor works

Lorentz force demonstrates the Lorentz force, exerted on a current-carrying conductor swing in the magnetic field of a horseshoe magnet

Lorentzian lineshapes this tutorial shows the Fourier relationship between a damped oscillating exponential (a detected FT-NMR transition) and a Lorenzian function

Machines en mouvement en Français

Magnetic fields and compass orientation explore the effects of induced electromagnetic fields on the orientation of a compass

Magnetic field lines this tutorial illustrates the forces of magnetic attraction and repulsion, and how they can be seen as lines of force

Moteurs à aimant permanent moteur unipolair, moteur pas a pas

Moteur a cage en Français, Photo d'un moteur a cage

Moteur asynchrone en Français

Moteur asynchrone en Français, AVI, part of Les joies des moteurs électriques

Moteur pas à pas en Français

Moteur pas a pas en Français

Moteur synchrone en Français

Motion in an electromagnetic field this applet illustrates nonrelativistic motion of a positively charged particle in a region containing constant, uniform electric and magnetic fields

Redressement mechanique en Français

Régulation de vitesse d'un moteur à courant continu en Français

Régulation de vitesse d'un moteur asynchrone en Français

Reversing by Jogging

Reversing After Stop

Reversing of 3 Phase Motors

Reversing of 3 Phase Motors - direct reversing

Schrittmotoren

Simulation of electric machines and drive systems collection of animated web pages dealing with the motion of electric machines, magnetic fields, and space vectors

Squirrel cage the basic structure of a squirrel-cage induction machine. The squirrel cage with its two end rings is seen rotating inside the stator, how a Squirrel cage motor works

Squirrel cage rotor reaction of a squirrel-cage rotor in a 2-pole field in the rotor reference frame: The flux density wave is moving at slip speed inducing in the rotor cage voltages

Stepper motor

Stepper motor animation unipolar stepper motor

Stepper motor animation Stepper motor animation, swf file

Stepper motor animation Stepping Sequences for a Four-Phase Unipolar Permanent Magnet Stepper Motor

Stepper motor animation Halfstepping a Stepper Motor, Full Stepping, Half Stepping

Stepper motor animation stepper motor animation, shows how a stepper motor works. This one has a 30-degree full step and a 15-degree half step, how a Stepper motor works, unipolar full step, unipolar half step, how a Stepper motor works

Stepper motor demonstration Stepper motor demonstration

Stepper motor principle stepper motor principle, 2-phase-stepper-motor, bipolar, Permanentmagnet in the rotor, alternating commutation of both stator coils, demonstration of fullstep cw rotation with approx. 0,5 Hz, rinciple view with 90 degrees step-angle, how a Stepper motor works

Stepper motors stepper motors have a soft iron or a permanent magnet rotor and a set of stator coils. The stator coils are magnetised by switching current through them in sequence, forcing the rotor to follow, bipolar one-phase-on, bipolar two-phase-on, bipolar half stepping

Synchronisation de la machine sur le réseau

Switched reluctance motor a four-phase 8/6 switched-reluctance motor is shown in cross section. In order to produce continuous shaft rotation, each of the four stator phases is energized and then de-energized in succession at specific positions of the rotor

Switched reluctance motor switched reluctance motor animation, mpg file

Switching for Controlling Mobile Robots

Technologie du moteur asynchrone triphasé à cage swf file

Théorème de leblanc théorème de leblanc : un champ pulsant est la superposition de deux champs tournants en sens opposés, en Français

Three phase AC motor three phase AC motor, how a three phase AC motor works

Three phase AC motor

Three phase AC motor Y --> Delta

Turning field in induction machines

Horizontaal

Generators-Alternators: animations and java applets

AC generator Videos collection

AC generator macromedia shockwave

AC generator how a AC generator works

AC generator action the AC generator tutorial demonstrates how varying the frequency of an alternating current can affect both the voltage produced by the generator, as well as the speed in which the coil rotates

AC generator (alternator) how a AC generator works

Alternateur en Français

Alternating current generator AC generator

Alternating current generator how a Alternating current generator works

Alternator elementary 3-phase 2-pole alternator with corresponding generated voltages

Bicycle dynamo Generators from motors, Simple electric motors generate electric currents when you spin them. Instead of using electric current to turn a coil, turning the coil produces an electric current, Bicycle dynamo

DC generator An electrical Generator is a machine which converts mechanical energy (or power) into electrical energy (or power). It is based on the principle of production of dynamically (or motionally) induced e.m.f (Electromotive Force)

DC generator action this tutorial also shows the effect on coil rotation speed and voltage by increasing and decreasing the frequency in a direct current generator

Electric generator Operation of an electric generator, how a electric generator works

Générateur à 3 spires en Français

Generator AC - DC

Generator AC - DC this Java applet simulates a generator which is reduced to the most important parts for clarity. Instead of an armature with many windings and iron nucleus there is only a single rectangular conductor loop; the axis the loop rotates on is omitted

Single phase generator

Three phase generator

Three phase generator three phase generator, how a three phase generator works

Three phase generator

Three phase generator three phase generator, The elementary 3-phase 2-pole synchronous generator has a stator equipped with 3 coils displaced 120o from each other, ...

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wiimote, new way of playing games

2007-11-14T21:28:00.000-08:00

An all new, active way to play. Become more connected to the game than ever before. Wii provides an experience like no other. You don't just play Wii. You experience it. Experience Wii.

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he Internet's Largest PSP Game Download Site!

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2007-10-13T02:45:00.000-07:00

Gas Prices Compel People To Save Gas!!! Popular D.i.y Watercar: Run Your Car Partially On Water, Reduce Emissions/Global Warming! Practical Free Energy Based On 1000s Of Real Cars Worldwide!!!
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Science and Technology News

2007-10-04T02:33:00.000-07:00

7 dollars Mall

2007-07-31T02:11:00.000-07:00

Industrial Control and Automation

2007-07-05T00:51:00.000-07:00

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Introduction

Industrial Control Devices
Manually operated switches : Toggle switches, knife switches, rotary-selector switches
Mechanically operated switches : Limit switch, micro switch, temperature switch, pressure switch, level switch

Transducers and sensors
Proximity sensors: (inductive and capacitive), magnetic switches, ultrasonic sensors

Mechanical Sensors
Displacement, position sensors: Potentiametric, capacitive sensors, variable reluctance sensors (LVDT), Level sensors,
Motion sensor : Types of Motion, Accelerometer principles application
Pressure sensor : Pressure Principles, Pressure Sensors
Flow sensors : Solid Flow measruement, Liquid Flow

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Thermal Sensors
Temperature sensors (thermocouple, RTD, thermistor, IC sensors)

Optical Sensors
Photovotaic cell, photoconductive cells, photoelectric sensors; application in bar-code system
Signal conditioning circuits for sensors
Data acquisition systems, ADC interfacing with controllers

Final Control
Actuator : Solenoid, solenoid valves, stepper motors, brushless dc motors.
Solid state power switch : Silicon controlled rectifiers (SCR) and TRIAC; Symbols construction, turn-on and turn-off characteristics, output voltage control. Power Transistors, Power MOSFETS.

Process Control System
Introduction to process control principles, block diagrams, control system evaluation and characteristics, stability and regulation, steady sate and transient response,
Configuration of control systems, open-loop control system, e.g open-loop motor speed control; Closed-loop control system, closed-loop motor speed controller

Data aquisition
FAQ

Type of control

Motion control : reciprocating motion machine process, programmable motion control systems
Time control : time delay relay, types of timers
Count control : application of counters in process control and monitoring systems
Pressure control : electrical control of a pneumatic-operated system, pressure transducer control of a motor.
Temperature control: on/off control, propotional control, PID control
Motor speed control : CD player spindle speed control.

Discrete State Process Control
Definition, applications examples, Discrete state variables, Process specifications, process hardware, Event sequence description. Relay controllers and ladder diagrams.

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
Overview : CPU, the input/output sections, processor memory, programming devices
Process control application: PLC ladder logic diagram
Basic of PLC programming : Memory orgainzation, input image table, output image table, scan sequence
Timer and counter instructions : on delay timer, off-delay programmed timer, simple up-counter program, up-down counter program
Data manipulation instruction: Move, equal to, less than, greater than, add, subtract, multiply, divide, XOR, OR, NOT
Shift register and sequencer instructions : application examples of shift register, event driven and time driven sequence programs

PLC Advanced Learning

Computer-Controlled Machines and Processes
Computer in process and machine control : star network, bus network, ring network, master slave network, peer-to-peer network
Computer Numerical Control (CNC) : Point to point programming, contour programming
http://users.bergen.org/jdefalco/CNC/
Free CNC simulation Software

Robotics and Automation
History of automatic control, robot classifications and terminology, hydraulics an pneumatics, robot controllers, robot sensory systems

Robotic Links
http://www.lynxmotion.com/
Robot Arm Simulator
http://www.androidworld.com/prod01.htm
Robot simulator software

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Click to join automation_control

Get Homework Help For Your Actual Textbook Now!

2007-01-30T16:35:00.000-08:00

Need help solving a difficult problem?

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Cramster helps you understand how to do it.

Study online for your Physics, Math, Science and Engineering classes

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Embedded Systems, Design and Application

2006-10-03T07:05:00.000-07:00

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History of Microprocessor

How the Processor is made

Mind Control Microchip Verichip Welcome to the Machines

Embedded System Design
Overview,Special Challenges with embedded systems,microprocessor embedded system board design, memory requirement (RAM, EEPROM), address decoding, I/O interfacing, processors selection, part selection and designs approaches.

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Programming for embedded systems
Embedded operating systems, assembly languages, C/C++ cross assemble, interrupt handling, timer interruptions, watchdog implementation, real-time software design and programming techniques.

Application

Input Devices-Switches, DIP switches, and Keypads interfacing, output devices-LEDs, Seven-Segment Displays, Tri-state Indicators and LCDs interfacing. Interfacing to other Devices such as Sensors, stepper motor and DC motor speed control, Analogue-to-digital covnersion, the RS-232 Interface.

Control
Close-loop control, On-off control, PID control, velocity control, position control, concept of Fuzzy-logic based control, real time design.

Online Free ebook
http://www.mikroe.com/en/books/picbook/0_Uvod.htm
http://www.rentron.com/pic.htm (Myke Predko)

Simulation Software
MPLAB
VirtualBreadbaord
HI-TECH PICC

Lab Tutorial
Week 1:
Grouping (3 person per group)
UV PCB Fab process, Protel 99SE Tutorial,
Protel Tutorial Video Demo
List down the components of PIC board
Arrangement to buy UV board
Lab Assignment 1 (submit in week 5)

Week2/3:
Fabricate the PIC PCB board.
Video clip on PCB Fab (replay)
Drilling / solderingTroubleshooting the board

Week4:
Introduction to MPLAB
Follow the lab practical 2
ICProg Installation & Configuration
Download ICProg

Week 5:
Lab Practical 3 LED
Lab Practical 3.1
Lab Assignment 2. (Submit and demo in week 8)

Microchip PIC 16F84 Tutorial using C programming
Introduction to C and the PIC Microcontroller
A Guide to Simulating and Programming PIC using the MPLAB IDE program
C sample code for PIC micros and Hi-Tech C
Computer Systems Lab II
C source code for 16F877

Reference Book
Embedded Systems Design, Heath Steve
Embedded microprocessor system: Real World design, Stuart RBall Boston
Design of Embedded systems using 68HC12/11 Microcontrollers. Richard E-Haskell.
Programming Robot Controllers, Myke Predko
PIC in Practice, D.W. SMITH
http://www.hirstbrook.com/ (PIC Book on 16F877A)
(Use Google Book Search to search for book)

Reference Links
The PIC Microcontroller : Your Personal Introductory Course (3nd edition)
PIC Basic
PIC Micro Tutorial
PIC Forum (you can post any question regarding PIC)
Complete Powerpoint Lecture Notes forComputer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective
Microcontroller Primer FAQ
Embedded Systems Glossary
Embedded Systems Design
WinPicProg PIC Tutorial

Microcontroller Project
Prof Thomas Bräunl's Projects

Robotic Video Cilps
http://www.engr.colostate.edu/~dga/video_demos/robotics/
http://youtube.com/results?search_query=PIC16f877

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Question and solution resources

2006-05-19T04:07:00.000-07:00

Communciation, FDM and TDM
http://courseweb.sp.cs.cmu.edu/~netcomm/utc/
http://www.cs.sunysb.edu
http://www.cs.amherst.edu/~sfkaplan/courses/
http://www.mit.bme.hu/research/

Electronic Devices I

2006-05-17T19:53:00.000-07:00

Transistor
1 Introduction How to make a Transistor (Animation)
2 History
3 Importance
4 Types
4.1 Bipolar junction transistor
Transistor Simulation
Electron Flow in Transistor

4.2 Field-effect transistor JFET Animation
4.3 Other transistor types
4.4 Semiconductor material
4.5 Packaging
5 Usage
5.1 Switches
5.2 Amplifiers
5.3 Computers
6 Advantages of transistors over vacuum tubes
7 Gallery
8 Transistor manufacturers
9 See also
10 References
10.1 Patents
10.2 Books
10.3 Other
11 External links

Modern Control System

2006-05-16T17:52:00.000-07:00

Notes and Animation
Nyquist Stability Criterion (NSC)
Applying the NSC
Calculating Gain for Stability
Using a Nyquist Plot
Using a Bode' Plot
Operational Amplifier Circuits & NSC
Relative Stability
Phase Margin
Gain Margin
Systems with Poles at the Origin
Using Bode Plots To Evaluate Stability with the NSC
db Slope for Stability
What is it? Why does it work?
http://www.facstaff.bucknell.edu

Animations
Fourier Series Approximation
Interactive Lecture Module: Harmonic Phasors and Fourier Series
Listen to Fourier Series
Phasor Phactory
Continuous Time Fourier Transform Properties
Discrete Time Frequency
Discrete-Time Fourier Series
Exploring the s-Plane
Convolution Animation
Joy of Convolution (Discrete Time)
Linear Time Invariant System(Animation)
System Properties
LTI Arcade
Bode Servo Analysis
Bode Servo Analysis (Time Delay)
Sense and Sensitivities
Robust Stabilization
Root Locus
Control Tutorial For Matlab

Exercise
Laplace Transforms (Chapter 14)Simple Circuits

Electronics Application Project

2006-05-10T02:54:00.000-07:00

Radio Receiver Project
ZN414 Receiver
ZN414 Portable Receiver
Build your own Radio Receiver using ZN414 (with photos)
Miniature Receiver with ZN414 (ZN414Z) IC
ZN414 Datasheet (pdf)
Buy ZN414 ($9.95)
Replacement circuit for ZN414
Am Demodulator for Ultrasonic Receiver

Logic Tester
Assembling IC Tester device(74150)
74150 DataSheet (PDF)
IC Tester
DM74LS14
HA17555 (555 timer)
HEF4024BP
NE555N
IN4148 (Diode)

Semiconductors
What is TTL

Project 3
BSS98 MOSFET
2n7008 MOSFET
MOSFET simulation
Channel ON-OFF by Vgs, Pinchoff-Continuous by Vgd.
Semiconductor Simulation Applet
PSPICE Tutorial
CMOS gate Demonstrations.
PSPICE Tutorial MOSFET

Additional References
Nanotechnology Tutorial

How to Write a Good Report

2006-04-04T00:21:00.000-07:00

Bhaskaran Raman, Apr 2004

This short document describes how to write a good report. This is based on common mistakes I have observed over a period of time. While most of the following apply in general, they have been written with BTech/MTech/PhD students in mind.

The comments below apply for course projects, other semester projects, technical reports, theses (BTech/MTech/PhD). That is, technical writing in general. While a google search on the topic may churn out many hits, the following is tailored for IIT (Kanpur) students in particular.

I will first mention some general guidelines, then the structure of the report. Towards the end, I will also describe how to refine your writing, and how to give feedback on others' writing. Based on these, I will recommend a possible strategy for producing high-quality reports which have high potential for being published.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

General Guidelines

These are some general things you should know before you start writing. I will try to answer the questions of the purpose of report writing, and the overall approach as well.

Purpose of a report: writing to be read

A key thing to keep in mind right through your report writing process is that a report is written to be read, by someone else. This is the central goal of report-writing. A report which is written for the sake of being written has very little value.

Before you start writing your report, you need to have in mind the intended audience. In the narrowest of possibilities, your report is meant for reading by yourselves, and by your advisor/instructor, and perhaps by your evaluation committee. This has value, but only short-term. The next broader possibility is that your report is readable by your peers or your juniors down the line. This has greater value since someone else can continue on your work and improve it, or learn from your work. In the best case possibility, your report is of publishable quality. That is, readable and useful for the technical community in general.

Overall approach: top-down

Take a top-down approach to writing the report (also applies to problem solving in general). This can proceed in roughly three stages of continual refinement of details.

First write the section-level outline,
Then the subsection-level outline, and
Then a paragraph-level outline. The paragraph-level outline would more-or-less be like a presentation with bulleted points. It incorporates the flow of ideas.
Once you have the paragraph-level flow of ideas, you can easily convert that into a full report, by writing out the flow of ideas in full sentences.

While doing the paragraph-level outline, think also about (a) figures, (b) tables, and (c) graphs you will include as part of the report at various stages. You will find that many things can be better explained by using simple figures at appropriate places.

Another thing to nail-down while doing the paragraph-level outline is the terminology you will be using. For instance, names of various protocols/algorithms/steps in your solution. Or names/symbols for mathematical notation.

The overall approach also includes multiple stages of refinement, and taking feedback from others (peers/advisor/instructor). I will talk about these in more detail after talking about the overall report structure.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Structure of a report

The following should roughly be the structure of a report. Note that these are just guidelines, not rules. You have to use your intelligence in working out the details of your specific writing.

Title and abstract: These are the most-read parts of a report. This is how you attract attention to your writing. The title should reflect what you have done and should bring out any eye-catching factor of your work, for good impact.

The abstract should be short, generally within about 2 paragraphs (250 words or so total). The abstract should contain the essence of the report, based on which the reader decides whether to go ahead with reading the report or not. It can contain the following in varying amounts of detail as is appropriate: main motivation, main design point, essential difference from previous work, methodology, and some eye-catching results if any.

Introduction: Most reports start with an introduction section. This section should answer the following questions (not necessarily in that order, but what is given below is a logical order). After title/abstract introduction and conclusions are the two mainly read parts of a report.

What is the setting of the problem? This is, in other words, the background. In some cases, this may be implicit, and in some cases, merged with the motivation below.
What exactly is the problem you are trying to solve? This is the problem statement.
Why is the problem important to solve? This is the motivation. In some cases, it may be implicit in the background, or the problem statement itself.
Is the problem still unsolved? The constitutes the statement of past/related work crisply.
Why is the problem difficult to solve? This is the statement of challenges. In some cases, it may be implicit in the problem statement. In others, you may have to say explicitly as to why the problem is worthy of a BTech/MTech/PhD, or a semester project, as the case may be.
How have you solved the problem? Here you state the essence of your approach. This is of course expanded upon later, but it must be stated explicitly here.
What are the conditions under which your solution is applicable? This is a statement of assumptions.
What are the main results? You have to present the main summary of the results here.
What is the summary of your contributions? This in some cases may be implicit in the rest of the introduction. Sometimes it helps to state contributions explicitly.
How is the rest of the report organized? Here you include a paragraph on the flow of ideas in the rest of the report. For any report beyond 4-5 pages, this is a must.
The introduction is nothing but a shorter version of the rest of the report, and in many cases the rest of the report can also have the same flow. Think of the rest of the report as an expansion of some of the points in the introduction. Which of the above bullets are expanded into separate sections (perhaps even multiple sections) depends very much on the problem.

Background: This is expanded upon into a separate section if there is sufficient background which the general reader must understand before knowing the details of your work. It is usual to state that "the reader who knows this background can skip this section" while writing this section.

Past/related work: It is common to have this as a separate section, explaining why what you have done is something novel. Here, you must try to think of dimensions of comparison of your work with other work. For instance, you may compare in terms of functionality, in terms of performance, and/or in terms of approach. Even within these, you may have multiple lines of comparison -- functionality-1, functionality-2, metric-1, metric-2, etc.

Although not mandatory, it is good presentation style to give the above comparison in terms of a table; where the rows are the various dimensions of comparison and the columns are various pieces of related work, with your own work being the first/last column. See the related work section of my PhD thesis for an example of such a table :-).

While in general you try to play up your work with respect to others, it is also good to identify points where your solution is not so good compared to others. If you state these explicitly, the reader will feel better about them, than if you do not state and the reader figures out the flaws in your work anyway :-).

Another point is with respect to the placement of related work. One possibility is to place it in the beginning of the report (after intro/background). Another is to place it in the end of the report (just before conclusions). This is a matter of judgment, and depends on the following aspect of your work. If there are lots of past work related very closely to your work, then it makes sense to state upfront as to what the difference in your approach is. On the other hand, if your work is substantially different from past work, then it is better to put the related work at the end. While this conveys a stronger message, it has the risk of the reader wondering all through the report as to how your work is different from some other specific related work.

Technical sections: The main body of the report may be divided into multiple sections as the case may be. You may have different sections which delve into different aspects of the problem. The organization of the report here is problem specific. You may also have a separate section for statement of design methodology, or experimental methodology, or proving some lemmas in a theoretical paper.

The technical section is the most work-specific, and hence is the least described here. However, it makes sense to mention the following main points:

Outlines/flow: For sections which may be huge, with many subsections, it is appropriate to have a rough outline of the section at the beginning of that section. Make sure that the flow is maintained as the reader goes from one section to another. There should be no abrupt jumps in ideas.
Use of figures: The cliche "a picture is worth a thousand words" is appropriate here. Spend time thinking about pictures. Wherever necessary, explain all aspects of a figure (ideally, this should be easy), and do not leave the reader wondering as to what the connection between the figure and the text is.
Terminology: Define each term/symbol before you use it, or right after its first use. Stick to a common terminology throughout the report.
Results: This is part of the set of technical sections, and is usually a separate section for experimental/design papers. You have to answer the following questions in this section:

What are the cases of comparison? If you have proposed an algorithm or a design, what do you compare it with?
What are the performance metrics?
What are the parameters under study?
Finally, what are the results?
The results are usually presented as tables and graphs. In explaining tables and graphs, you have to explain them as completely as possible. Identify trends in the data. Does the data prove what you want to establish? In what cases are the results explainable, and in what cases unexplainable if any?

While describing a table, you have to describe every row/column. And similarly while describing a graph, you have to describe the x/y axes. If necessary, you have to consider the use of log-axes.

If you are presenting a lot of results, it may be useful to summarize the main take-away points from all the data in a separate sub-section at the end (or sometimes even at the beginning) of the results section.

Future work: This section in some cases is combined along with the "conclusions" section. Here you state aspects of the problem you have not considered and possibilities for further extensions.

Conclusions: Readers usually read the title, abstract, introduction, and conclusions. In that sense, this section is quite important. You have to crisply state the main take-away points from your work. How has the reader become smarter, or how has the world become a better place because of your work?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Refinement

No report is perfect, and definitely not on the first version. Well written reports are those which have gone through multiple rounds of refinement. This refinement may be through self-reading and critical analysis, or more effectively through peer-feedback (or feedback from advisor/instructor).

Here are some things to remember:

Start early, don't wait for the completion of your work in its entirety before starting to write.
Each round of feedback takes about a week at least. And hence it is good to have a rough version at least a month in advance. Given that you may have run/rerun experiments/simulations (for design projects) after the first round of feedback -- for a good quality report, it is good to have a rough version at least 2 months in advance.
Feedback should go through the following stages ideally: (a) you read it yourself fully once and revise it, (b) have your peers review it and give constructive feedback, and then (c) have your advisor/instructor read it.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Feedback: evaluating someone else's report

Evaluation of a report you yourself have written can give benefits, but it usually is limited. Even in a group project, it is not good enough to have one person write the report and the other person read it. This is because all the group members usually know what the project is about, and hence cannot critique the paper from outside.

It is best to take feedback from your peer (and of course return favours!). The feedback procedure is quite simple. The one reading has to critically, and methodically see if each of the aspects mentioned above in the "structure of the report" are covered. It may even help to have a check-list, although with experience this becomes unnecessary.

Check if the title/abstract make sense, are effective/eye-catching.
Are all the relevant questions answered in the introduction?
Is the overall structure of the rest of the sections meaningful?
Is the difference from related/past work crisp and meaningful?
Are the technical sections understandable? Are the figures/tables explained properly? Is the terminology clear? Are the symbols used defined appropriately?
Are the results explained properly? Are the conclusions drawn from the graphs/tables sound? Or are there technical holes/flaws? Do the results show how the work presented is better/worse that the other cases of comparison?
When I give feedback on a peer's report or a student's report, I usually take a print-out and mark-up at various points in the paper. You may follow a similar procedure, or something suited to you. Be as critical as possible, but with the view that your peer has to improve his/her work, not with the view of putting him/her down. Your comments have to be impersonal. Likewise, while taking feedback from a peer, take the comments on their technical merit.

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Recommended strategy for producing a high-quality report

Based on the above, I recommend the following strategy for students who want to produce a high-quality report, which would then have a high potential for being turned into a publication:

Think through the outline of the report even as you are working on the details of the problem. Such thinking will also lend focus to your work and you will end up optimizing the returns on the time invested.
Two months before the actual deadline, you have to have at least a paragraph-level outline of the report, with all details worked out.
After one round of critical analysis by yourselves (or by your group), have another student or another group review it, perhaps in exchange for you reviewing their work. Have them check your flow of ideas. While it may be good to get someone working in the same area, for much of the feedback, this may not really be necessary.
Now you are probably about 6-7 weeks from the deadline. At this point, have your advisor/instructor give feedback on the paragraph-level outline. Getting this early is important since, based on this, you may have to reorganize your report, rework your theorems, or rerun your experiments/simulations.
Have a pre-final version of the report ready 2 weeks before the deadline. Again, go through one round of self/peer-feedback, and then advisor/instructor feedback.
With these 3-4 rounds of revision and critical analysis, the quality of your report is bound to improve. And since many of the student theses are of good quality, quality of writing dramatically improves chances of publication.

http://www.cse.iitk.ac.in/users/braman/students/good-report.html

How to write a report abstract.

2006-04-03T23:49:00.000-07:00

What is an abstract?
An abstract is a condensed version of a longer piece of writing that highlights the major points covered, concisely describes the content and scope of the writing, and reviews the writing's contents in abbreviated form.

What types of abstracts are typically used?
Two types of abstracts are typically used:

Descriptive Abstracts

tell readers what information the report, article, or paper contains.

include the purpose, methods, and scope of the report, article, or paper.

do not provide results, conclusions, or recommendations.

are always very short, usually under 100 words.

introduce the subject to readers, who must then read the report, article, or paper to find out the author's results, conclusions, or recommendations.

Informative Abstracts

communicate specific information from the report, article, or paper.

include the purpose, methods, and scope of the report, article, or paper.

provide the report, article, or paper's results, conclusions, and recommendations.

are short -- from a paragraph to a page or two, depending upon the length of the original work being abstracted. Usually informative abstracts are 10% or less of the length of the original piece.

allow readers to decide whether they want to read the report, article, or paper.
Why are abstracts so important?
The practice of using key words in an abstract is vital because of today's electronic information retrieval systems. Titles and abstracts are filed electronically, and key words are put in electronic storage. When people search for information, they enter key words related to the subject, and the computer prints out the titles of articles, papers, and reports containing those key words. Thus, an abstract must contain key words about what is essential in an article, paper, or report so that someone else can retrieve information from it.

Qualities of a Good Abstract
An effective abstract has the following qualities:

uses one or more well developed paragraphs: these are unified, coherent, concise, and able to stand alone.

uses an introduction/body/conclusion structure which presents the article, paper, or report's purpose, results, conclusions, and recommendations in that order.

follows strictly the chronology of the article, paper, or report.

provides logical connections (or transitions) between the information included.

adds no new information, but simply summarizes the report.

is understandable to a wide audience.

oftentimes uses passive verbs to downplay the author and emphasize the information. Check with your teacher if you're unsure whether or not to use passive voice.

Steps for Writing Effective Abstracts
To write an effective abstract, follow these steps:

Reread the article, paper, or report with the goal of abstracting in mind.

Look specifically for these main parts of the article, paper, or report: purpose, methods, scope, results, conclusions, and recommendation.

Use the headings, outline heads, and table of contents as a guide to writing your abstract.

If you're writing an abstract about another person's article, paper, or report, the introduction and the summary are good places to begin. These areas generally cover what the article emphasizes.

After you've finished rereading the article, paper, or report, write a rough draft without looking back at what you're abstracting.

Don't merely copy key sentences from the article, paper, or report: you'll put in too much or too little information.

Don't rely on the way material was phrased in the article, paper, or report: summarize information in a new way.

Revise your rough draft to

correct weaknesses in organization.

improve transitions from point to point.

drop unnecessary information.

add important information you left out.

eliminate wordiness.

fix errors in grammar, spelling, and punctuation.

Print your final copy and read it again to catch any glitches that you find.

A Sample Abstract
PASM: A partitionable SIMD/MIMD System for Image Processing and Pattern Recognition

PASM, a large-scale multimicroprocessor system being designed at Purdue University for image processing and pattern recognition, is described. This system can be dynamically reconfigured to operate as one or more independent SIMD and/or MIMD machines. PASM consists of a parallel computation unit, which contains N processor, N memories, and an interconnection network; Q microcontrollers, each of which controls N/Q parallel secondary storage devices; a distributed memory management system; and a system control unit, to coordinate the other system components. Possible values for N and Q are 1024 and 16, respectively. The control schemes and memory management on PASM are explored. Examples of how PASM can be used to perform image processing tasks are given.

http://leo.stcloudstate.edu/bizwrite/abstracts.html

How to Write an Abstract
(Draft 10/20/97)
Phil Koopman, Carnegie Mellon University

Abstract
Because on-line search databases typically contain only abstracts, it is vital to write a complete but concise description of your work to entice potential readers into obtaining a copy of the full paper. This article describes how to write a good computer architecture abstract for both conference and journal papers. Writers should follow a checklist consisting of: motivation, problem statement, approach, results, and conclusions. Following this checklist should increase the chance of people taking the time to obtain and read your complete paper.

Introduction
Now that the use of on-line publication databases is prevalent, writing a really good abstract has become even more important than it was a decade ago. Abstracts have always served the function of "selling" your work. But now, instead of merely convincing the reader to keep reading the rest of the attached paper, an abstract must convince the reader to leave the comfort of an office and go hunt down a copy of the article from a library (or worse, obtain one after a long wait through inter-library loan). In a business context, an "executive summary" is often the only piece of a report read by the people who matter; and it should be similar in content if not tone to a journal paper abstract.

Checklist: Parts of an Abstract
Despite the fact that an abstract is quite brief, it must do almost as much work as the multi-page paper that follows it. In a computer architecture paper, this means that it should in most cases include the following sections. Each section is typically a single sentence, although there is room for creativity. In particular, the parts may be merged or spread among a set of sentences. Use the following as a checklist for your next abstract:

Motivation:Why do we care about the problem and the results? If the problem isn't obviously "interesting" it might be better to put motivation first; but if your work is incremental progress on a problem that is widely recognized as important, then it is probably better to put the problem statement first to indicate which piece of the larger problem you are breaking off to work on. This section should include the importance of your work, the difficulty of the area, and the impact it might have if successful.

Problem statement:What problem are you trying to solve? What is the scope of your work (a generalized approach, or for a specific situation)? Be careful not to use too much jargon. In some cases it is appropriate to put the problem statement before the motivation, but usually this only works if most readers already understand why the problem is important.

Approach:How did you go about solving or making progress on the problem? Did you use simulation, analytic models, prototype construction, or analysis of field data for an actual product? What was the extent of your work (did you look at one application program or a hundred programs in twenty different programming languages?) What important variables did you control, ignore, or measure?

Results:What's the answer? Specifically, most good computer architecture papers conclude that something is so many percent faster, cheaper, smaller, or otherwise better than something else. Put the result there, in numbers. Avoid vague, hand-waving results such as "very", "small", or "significant." If you must be vague, you are only given license to do so when you can talk about orders-of-magnitude improvement. There is a tension here in that you should not provide numbers that can be easily misinterpreted, but on the other hand you don't have room for all the caveats.

Conclusions:What are the implications of your answer? Is it going to change the world (unlikely), be a significant "win", be a nice hack, or simply serve as a road sign indicating that this path is a waste of time (all of the previous results are useful). Are your results general, potentially generalizable, or specific to a particular case?

Other Considerations
An abstract must be a fully self-contained, capsule description of the paper. It can't assume (or attempt to provoke) the reader into flipping through looking for an explanation of what is meant by some vague statement. It must make sense all by itself. Some points to consider include:
Meet the word count limitation. If your abstract runs too long, either it will be rejected or someone will take a chainsaw to it to get it down to size. Your purposes will be better served by doing the difficult task of cutting yourself, rather than leaving it to someone else who might be more interested in meeting size restrictions than in representing your efforts in the best possible manner. An abstract word limit of 150 to 200 words is common.

Any major restrictions or limitations on the results should be stated, if only by using "weasel-words" such as "might", "could", "may", and "seem".
Think of a half-dozen search phrases and keywords that people looking for your work might use. Be sure that those exact phrases appear in your abstract, so that they will turn up at the top of a search result listing.

Usually the context of a paper is set by the publication it appears in (for example, IEEE Computer magazine's articles are generally about computer technology). But, if your paper appears in a somewhat un-traditional venue, be sure to include in the problem statement the domain or topic area that it is really applicable to.
Some publications request "keywords". These have two purposes. They are used to facilitate keyword index searches, which are greatly reduced in importance now that on-line abstract text searching is commonly used. However, they are also used to assign papers to review committees or editors, which can be extremely important to your fate. So make sure that the keywords you pick make assigning your paper to a review category obvious (for example, if there is a list of conference topics, use your chosen topic area as one of the keyword tuples).

Conclusion
Writing an efficient abstract is hard work, but will repay you with increased impact on the world by enticing people to read your publications. Make sure that all the components of a good abstract are included in the next one you write.

Further Reading
Michaelson, Herbert, How to Write & Publish Engineering Papers and Reports, Oryx Press, 1990. Chapter 6 discusses abstracts.
Cremmins, Edward, The Art of Abstracting 2nd Edition, Info Resources Press, April 1996. This is an entire book about abstracting, written primarily for professional abstractors.

http://www.ece.cmu.edu/~koopman/essays/abstract.html

Virtual BreadBoard

2006-03-31T01:54:00.000-08:00

VirtualBreadboard is an easy to simulation and modeling tool that can be used in place of a real breadboard for quickly performing experiments and testing out electronic and microcontroller powered 'embedded' applications. Since 1999 VirtualBreadboard has been a favorite with universities and enthusiasts from all around the world.

VirtualBreadboard - Freeware Version ( 1.4 Mar 15, 2006 )
Download Freeware Version Now - Release 1.4

Resources
Tutorials
Help - introductory tutorial
Help - User Interface
Help - Packages and c omponents

VirtualBreadboard - Full Version ( 1.4 Mar 15, 2006 )
Download Full Version Now - Release 1.4. ( Requires Password -- see below )
The full version of VirtualBreadboard is the same as the 1.4 Freeware version but with additional components, examples, bug-fixes and ongoing updates.
Whats' Extra in Full Version 1.4
Microchip PicMicro
PIC18F452
PIC18F8720
74HCXX
74HC595 Serial Shift Register
Unlimited access to Virtual Breadboard Series 1 updates

Getting the Full Version
The Full version is available as an online download. To access the downloads page you need a certificate which you purchase using PayPAL. The certificate is used to access the current password to the downloads page.

http://www.virtualbreadboard.com/

"CSMA/CD"

2006-03-30T21:36:00.000-08:00

Introduction:

Protocols in which stations listen for a carrier and act accordingly are called Carrier Sense protocols..
This is the most commonly used medium access control technique for bus/tree and star topologies is carrier sense with collision detection(CSMA/CD).

Description Of CSMA/CD.

CSMA, although more efficient than ALOHA or slotted ALOHA, still has one glaring inefficiency: When two frames collide, the medium remains unusable for the duration of transmission of both damaged frames.For long frames, compared to propogation time, the amount of wasted capacity can be considerable.This waste can be reduced if a station continues to listen to the medium while transmitting.

This leads to the following rules for CSMA/CD.

1.If the medium is idle, transmit; otherwise goto step 2.
2.If the medium is busy, continue to listen until the channel is idle, then transmitt immediately.
3.If a collision is detected during transmission is, transmit a brief jamming signal to assure that all stations know that there has been a collision and then cease transmission.
4.After transmitting the jamming signal, wait a random amount of time, then attempt to transmit again.

The first carrier sense protocol that we will study here is called 1-persistent CSMA(Carrier Sense Multiple Access).When a station has data to send,it first listens to the channel to see if anyone else is transmitting at that moment.If the channel is busy, the station waits until it becomes idle.When the station detects an idle channel, it transmits a frame. If a collision occurs,the station waits a random amount of time and start all over again. The protocol is called 1-persistent because the station transmits with a probability of 1 whenever it finds the channel idle.

A second carrier sense protocol is nonpersistent CSMA.In this protocol ,a conscious attempt is made to be less greedy than in the previous one. Before sending a station senses the channel. If no one else is sending, the station begins doing so itself. However, if the channel is already in use, the station does not continually sense it for the pupose of seizing it immediately upon detecting the end of the previous of the previous transmission. Intuitively this algorithm should lead to a better channel utilization and longer days than 1-persistent CSMA.

The last protocol is p-persistent CSMA. It applies to slotted channels and works as follows. when a station becomes ready to send,it senses the channel. If it is idle it transmits with a probability p. With a probability q=1-p it defers until the next slot.If that slot is also idle, it either transmits or defers again, with a probabilities p and q. The process is repeated until either th frame has been transmitted or another station has begun

CSMA with Collision Detection

Persistent and nonpersistent CSMA protocols are clearly an improvement over ALOHA because they ensure that no station begins to transmit when it senses the channel busy. Another improvement is for stations to abort their transmissions as soon as they detect a collision. In other words, if two stations sense the channel to be idle and begin transmitting the frames, which are irretrievably garbled anyway, they should abruptly stop transmitting as soon as the collision is detected. This protocol is known as CSMA/CD(Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision detection).

Play with Simulator Source Code

Fundamentals of Wireless Communication

2006-03-28T00:53:00.000-08:00

Welcome to this website on the fundamentals of Wireless Communication. The contents are arranged according to subject in seven chapters:
Summary of Network Concepts and Standards
Business and Regulatory Aspects
Wireless Channels and Mobile Propagation
Cellular Telephone Networks
Analog and Digital Transmission
Wireless Data Networks
Capita Selecta
Slide Shows
Further reading
Postscript and Acrobat files
Recommended books and papers
Computer Programs

Pure Aloha Protocol

2006-03-27T01:47:00.000-08:00

With Pure Aloha, stations are allowed access to the channel whenever they have data to transmit. Because the threat of data collision exists, each station must either monitor its transmission on the rebroadcast or await an acknowledgment from the destination station. By comparing the transmitted packet with the received packet or by the lack of an acknowledgement, the transmitting station can determine the success of the transmitted packet. If the transmission was unsuccessful it is resent after a random amount of time to reduce the probability of re-collision.

Figure Pure Aloha Protocol
http://www.laynetworks.com/Pure%20Aloha%20Protocol.htm

Advantages:
· Superior to fixed assignment when there is a large number of bursty stations.
· Adapts to varying number of stations.

Disadvantages:
· Theoretically proven throughput maximum of 18.4%.
· Requires queueing buffers for retransmission of packets

Virtual Labs & Simulations

2006-03-05T23:49:00.000-08:00

"In the matter of physics, the first lessons should contain nothing but what is experimental and interesting to see. A pretty experiment is in itself often more valuable than twenty formulae extracted from our minds." - Albert Einstein

Fundamentals(13 Links)
Mechanics(130 Links)
Momentum(17 Links)
Rotational Mechanics(19 Links)
Machines(9 Links)
Measurement(6 Links)
Fluids(8 Links)
Electricity(62 Links)
Thermodynamics(15 Links)
Simple Harmonic Motion(15 Links)
Waves(46 Links)
Sound(26 Links)
Light(29 Links)
Light andOptics(56 Links)
Color Theory(20 Links)
Nuclear(11 Links)
AstroPhysics(17 Links)
Math & Computers(9 Links)
Chemistry (10 Links)
Collections(24 Links)

http://www.hazelwood.k12.mo.us/~grichert/sciweb/applets.html

Principle of Electric Circuits

2006-02-13T02:42:00.000-08:00

Principle of Electric Circuits , Floyd
Chapter 1: Quantities and Units
Chapter 2: Voltage, Current, and Resistance
Chapter 3: Ohm’s Law
Chapter 4: Energy and Power
Chapter 5: Series Circuits
Chapter 6: Parallel Circuits
Chapter 7: Series-Parallel Circuits
Chapter 8: Circuit Theorems and Conversions
Chapter 9: Branch, Loop, and Node Analyses
Chapter 10: Magnetism and Electromagnetism
Chapter 11: Introduction to Alternating Current and Voltage
Chapter 12: Capacitors
Chapter 13: Inductors
Chapter 14: Transformers
Chapter 15: RC Circuits
Chapter 16: RL Circuits
Chapter 17: RLC Circuits and Resonance
Chapter 18: Passive Filters
Chapter 19: Circuit Theorems in AC Analysis
Chapter 20: Time Response of Reactive Circuits
Chapter 21: Three-Phase Systems in Power Applications

http://www.prenhall.com/floyd/

Radio Astronomy

2006-02-10T00:19:00.000-08:00

Audio and sounds files, solar flares, Jupiter storms, aurora, pulsars, and more

How to start in radio astronomy, by Jeffrey Lichtman, SARA

Radio astronomy projects, by Jeffrey Lichtman, SARA

A basic radio telescope, by Jim Sky, Radio-Sky Publishing

Space Communications with Mars, The Deep Space Network

SETI programs carried out to date, Excel sheet

Hams in the sky, radio or astronomy? Both!

Officials frequencies bands allocated to radio astronomy, IAU

Astrophysical spectral lines, IAU

Planetary Radio Show, link to the weekly radio show at TPS

The Parkes Observatory’s Support of the Apollo 11 Mission, 500 KB PDF, PASA

SETI
Check also the Radio Amateur section at left

PIC Micro Tutorial

2006-02-09T01:01:00.000-08:00

Myke Predko's PIC Micro Tutorial
Myke Predko's first article in his new series of PICMicro Tutorials.

Myke Predko's PIC Micro Tutorial
Here Myke takes you through some more of the basics with the PIC Micro.

Myke Predko's Serial Routines for PICMicros
Bit-Banging Serial Interfaces for the Low-End and Mid-Range PICMicros

Myke Predko's Button Debounce Tutorial
Article #6 in Myke Predkos New PIC Microcontroller Tutorials.

Myke Predko's New PICMicro Programmer.
Build your own PIC programmer "ELCheapo", courtesy of Myke Predko.

Myke Predko's 2-Wire LCD Interface using the PIC16C84
Build your own "2-Wire LCD Interface" using the PIC16C84 with Myke's help. Use an LCD on your next project without giving up valuable I/O.

Myke Predko's Graphic Animations using an LCD.
This Project uses the 2-Wire LCD Interface from Mykes last article above. In this article, Myke shows you how to use an LCD's Character Generator to create Graphics Animations.

Article #8 Myke Predkos "Macro Techniques".
In this article Myke shows you how to save time & money by using Macros with the PICMicro.

http://www.rentron.com/pic.htm

Basic Electric and Magnetic (animation)

2006-02-07T18:12:00.000-08:00

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General revision notes:
Introduction and definitions
Short biographies of scientists
Dimensional analysis
Conversion of units
Scientific notation
Significant figures
Errors and uncertainties
Trignometric functions
Radians
Differentiation
Integration
Equations of motion in 2- and 3-dimensions
Resolution of Forces
Dot (or scalar) product
Cross (or vector) product

Chapter 21:
Charging by friction - attraction and repulsion - animation
Polarization of a neutral object - animation
Strength of the Electric Force - animation
Definition of the Electric Field - animation

Chapter 22:
Definition of Electric Flux - animation
Electric field due to an infinite wire using Gauss' Law - animation
Proof of Gauss's Law for an isolated point charge

Chapter 23:
Definition of Electric Potential Difference - animation
Potential inside and outside a uniformly charged sphere

Chapter 24:
Energy density of an electric field of a charged spherical conductor
Why charges occur on the surface of a charged spherical conductor
Hints on solving problems with capacitors
Capacitor with a dielectric and a gap

Chapter 25:
Electric current - the movement of charge - animation
Ohm's Law in a simple circuit - animation
Charging a capacitor in a R-C circuit - animation
Variation of potential around a simple circuit
Internal resistance of a battery
Combinations of resistances
Color coding of resistors

Chapter 26:
Bowing of a current carrying wire in a magnetic field - animation
Helical path of a charge moving in a magnetic field - animation
Velocity selector - animation
Concept map of electric and magnetic fields

Chapter 27:
Field due to a straight current carrying wire using Ampere's Law - animation

Chapter 28:
Definition of magnetic flux - animation
Emf induced by inserting a permanent magnet into a coil - movie clip
Emf induced in a coil by changing the current in a nearby coil - movie clip
Emf induced in a coil in a magnetic field when its area is changed - Faraday's Law - animation
Emf induced in a coil by changing the magnetic field passing through it - Faraday's Law - animation
Emf induced in a coil by changing both the magnetic field passing through it and its area - Faraday's Law - animation
Lenz's Law - animation
Motional emf - animation
The current variation in a R-L circuit - animation
Analogy between an inductor and the motion of a mass according to Newton's 2nd Law - animation
Combinations of inductors
How vending machines check for genuine coins
Magnetic braking

Chapter 29:
Principle underlying an a.c. generator - animation
Operation of a R-C-L series circuit - animation
Determination of rms values
L-C-R circuits as simple low-pass and high-pass filters

Chapters 30/31:
Levitation using light and laser tweezers
Liquid crystal displays (LCD's)

Chapter 32:
Focal points of concave and convex mirrors - animation
Magnification of a concave mirror - animation
Focal points of concave and convex lenses - animation
Artistic license and the Laws of Reflection
Retroreflection
Lens-maker's formula and the sign convention
Derivation of the thin-lens formula
Solving a mirror problem by construction, i.e., graphically
Solving a lens problem by construction, i.e., graphically
Spherical and chromatic aberrations in mirrors and lenses
Achromatic pairs of lenses (compound lenses)
A short history of spectacles

Interactive Experiments

2006-02-06T22:12:00.000-08:00

The interactive experiments below can be downloaded for students to use on their PC's (Mac or PC executable). Using a mouse, your students can connect virtual leads and manipulate virtual instrument controls to accomplish the defined task. Here's a way to teach fundamentals, and get your students familiar with instruments before coming to class. In addition, check out more interactive experiments, which recreate selected mathematical models in electrical engineering.

AC Circuits
RC low-pass filter* This experiment will show how to design and build a simple RC low-pass filter. Windows 95 Macintosh Version

AC waveforms and circuits* This experiment examines waveforms produced by a function generator and circuits whose voltage and current vary with time. Windows 95 Version Macintosh Version

Coupled Oscillators: Part A (Square Wave Input) Watch the energy slosh back and forth between the two capacitors. The method is similar to what is used in studying transients in a single RLC circuit. View Java Experiment**

Coupled Oscillators: Part B (Sine input) Use a function generator to excite an oscillator with a sinusoidal wave and then measure the response of a second oscillator. View Java Experiment**

Coupled Oscillators: Part C (Swept Sine) Sweep the frequency of the function generator so you can see both oscillator peaks as a function of frequency. View Java Experiment**

DC Circuits
Series and parallel resistance* This experiment show the properties of resistors and how to make measurements with a digital multimeter. Windows 95 Version Macintosh Version

Ohm's Law* This experiment demonstrates the law of circuit analysis and the law works. Windows 95 Version Macintosh Version

*These interactive experiments written in Macromedia Director can be downloaded to your PC or Macintosh.Once saved, simply run the executable file to perform the interactive lesson. For Macintosh, be sure to have StuffIt Expander on your system.
**These interactive experiments require a Java-enabled browser. If you do not have a Java-enabled browser you will not be able to view the following experiments.

More Interactive Experiments

Impedance Matching Impedance matching is an engineering procedure employed in circuit design for matching unequal source and load impedances.

FM Model In frequency modulation, the frequency of a rapidly varying signal is modulated by a slowly varying signal.

AM Model In amplitude modulation the amplitude of a slowly varying signal is impressed onto the amplitude of a rapidly varying signal.

Java Animations In engineering school, we learn to represent sinusoidal wave forms with vectors. But a paper textbook can't do justice to a time-varying vector.

S-Parameters This application note discusses s-parameter techniques for designing networks used in amplifiers and oscillators.

Spectrum Analysis: AM and FM This application note discusses the measurement of amplitude and frequency modulated signals using a spectrum analyzer.

Obtaining Reliable Measurements of High-Speed Circuits With a State Analyzer Obtaining reliable measurements from a state analyzer requires three factors: sampling speed, a setup/hold specification commensurate with the state speed, and positioning of the sample

RF Corner

2006-01-27T02:23:00.000-08:00

RF Back to the Basics Symposium
Spectrum Analysis Basics 17786 KB
Network Analysis Basics 5133 KB
Power Measurement Basics
Source Basics 2149 KB

RF Pre-written Lab Experiments (Full Courses)
Wireless LAN Lab
Modern Communication Systems
Wireless Systems Lab
Electrical Engineering I
Electrical Engineering II
RF Engineering for Telecommunications
All Pre-Written Lab Experiments
Submit an Experiment

RF Java Animations
Smith Chart
Wave Propagation along a Transmission Line
Amplitude Modulation
IQ Modulation
All RF Java Animations

RF Computer-Based Training Modules
AM Fundamentals
FM Fundamentals
Wireless (RF) Fundamentals
Transmission-Line Fundamentals Download

RF Application Notes
Bluetooth Technology Fundamentals
Fundamentals of RF and Microwave Power Measurements 2256 KB
Spectrum Analyzer Measurements and Noise 581 KB
undamentals of Signal Analysis 3426 KB
Understanding the Fundamental Principles of Vector Network Analysis 168 KB
10 Hints for Making Better Network Analyzer Measurements 325 KB
8 Hints for Making Better Spectrum Analyzer Measurements 393 KB
8 Hints for Better RF Signal Generator Measurements 1030 KB
Fourier Theory
Fourier Practice
All RF Application Notes

Project Ideas
Technical Report: Overview of a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)
Instrumentation Lab with Radio-Controlled Cars
All Project Ideas

RF Posters
Wireline and Wireless Communication Posters
Network Analysis Poster
Microwave Poster
RF Poster
All Posters

RF "Cool Links"
Wireless Design Center A great collection of RF Wireless resources from Agilent for your lecture or lab.

AppCAD software AppCAD is an easy-to-use, downloadable, program that provides you with a suite of RF design tools and computerized Application Notes.

Agilent Bluetooth Technology portal If you're working with Bluetooth or Wireless LAN technology, this portal provides a information on test products, systems, and services for R&D, qualification and manufacturing.

GWEC-Global Wireless Education Consortium A collaboration of wireless industry companies and academic institutions.

Cool RF Links

Agilent in Education
Agilent Education Discounts Program
Agilent Philanthropic Grants Program
Agilent Education Program Information

Other RF Tools and Resources
Researcher's Corner (Research Resources)
Student Resources
Engineering Educator e-Newsletter
Free Webcasts
RF Textbooks
Agilent Intuilink Software for RF Instruments
RF Engineering Reference Tables
Agilent sites for Educators
Contact Agilent

Electric Circuit Study Applet

2006-01-26T19:30:00.000-08:00

Ohm's and Kirchhoff's Laws (Chapter 3)
Kirchhoff's Laws,
Simple Circuits,
Circuits with Dependent Sources,
Equivalent Circuits (Chapter 3)
Voltage and Current Division,
Equivalent Resistors,
Equivalent Circuits,
More Voltage and Current Division,
Mesh and Node Equations (Chapter 4)
Simple resistive circuits,
More resistive circuits,
Circuits containing dependent sources,
More circuits containing dependent sources,
Circuit Theorems (Chapter 5)
Source Transformations,
Superposition,
Thevenin Equivalent Circuits,
Simple Signal Processing,
Op Amp Circuits (Chapter 6)
Inverting and noninverting amplifiers,
Node Equations for op amp circuits,
Capacitors and Inductors (Chapter 7)
Capacitors and Inductors,
First Order Circuits (Chapter 8)
Simple First Order Circuits, and
More First Order Circuits
Switched First Order Circuits
AC Circuits (Chapter 10)
Complex Arithmetic,
Simple AC Circuits,
More AC Circuits
AC Power (Chapter 11)
Power in AC Circuits
Magnetically Coupled Circuits (Chapter 11):
AC Circuits with Mutual Inductance
AC Circuits with Transformers
Frequency Response (Chapter 13)
Simple Circuits,
Circuits with Op Amps,
Circuits with Dependent Sources,
Bode Plots,
Laplace Transforms (Chapter 14)
Simple Circuits

Basic Electrical Technology

2006-01-19T01:23:00.000-08:00

The electric Circuit : Unit Standard resistance, maximum power transfer, superposition theorem, Kirchoff's Laws, Thevenin's Theorem, delta-star and star-delta transformations

Electromagnetism: Magnetic flux, force on current - carrying conductor, left-hand rule, electromagnetic induction, Fleming's right-hand rule, Lenz's law
Definition of Electric Flux - animation
Interaction of Two Permanent Magnets(animation)
Three-Dimensional Simulation of Geomagnetic ... (animation)

Magnetic Cricuit : Magnetic units and relationships, composite magnetic circuit, magnetic leakage and fringing, hysteresis, current-ring theory of magnetism

Inductance in a D.C. Circuit: Self inductance, inductance of toroid, ferromagneticored inductor growth and decay of current in inductive circuit, energy in inductor, mutual inductance, coupling coefficient, inductance of coupled coils connected in series

Electrostatics: Structure of the atom, electric charges, movements of electrons in a conductor, electrostatic units, capacitors in series and in parallel-plate capacitor, force on isolated charge in electronic field, energy in charged capacitor.

Alternating voltage and current: generation of alternating e.m.f average and r.m.s values , representation of an alternating quantity by a phasor, addition and substration of phasors.

Single-Phase Circuit : Circuit with R,L and C in series and in parallel, series and parallel resonance, Q factor, power and power factor.

Complex Notation: the j operator, resistance, reactance and impedance, conductance, susceptance, and admittance, active and reactive power, conjugate of complex number.

Online Exercise
Principle of Electric Circuits

Related Links
http://www.pearsoned.co.uk/HigherEducation/Booksby/hughesetal/
http://www.prenhall.com/floyd/
http://www.ibiblio.org/obp/electricCircuits/DC/index.html
http://www.circuit-magic.com/laws.htm
http://www.ent.ohiou.edu/~manhire/basic_ee/chapter02/index.htm
http://faculty.plattsburgh.edu/donald.slish/Basic.html

Instructor
Principles of Electric Circuits: Electron Flow Version, 8/E
Electrical and Electronic Technology, 9/E

Electromagnetic Compatibility Testing (EMC)

2006-01-16T23:02:00.000-08:00

What is Electromagnetic Compatibility EMC testing / Electromagnetic Interference EMI testing?Electromagnetic Compatibility or EMC is defined as the ability of a product to operate within its intended electromagnetic environment and to accept or emit RF disturbances within defined limits with the electromagnetic spectrum. Broadly EMC testing can be categorised into two areas; electromagnetic immunity / emi testing - (the ability of a product to accept disturbance) and emissions testing (EMI/RFI; the level of disturbance produced by the product).
TUV Product Service is one of the worlds largest independent providers of Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) / Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) testing and qualification services to defence/military, consumer, IT, rail, radio and telecoms industries covering ce marking or military/defence standards.

http://www.tuvps.co.uk/emc-testing.asp
http://www.nwemc.com/

The suitability of OFDM as a modulation technique for wireless telecommunications

2006-01-10T23:44:00.000-08:00

Download OFDM Matlab Code This is the code that was used in the thesis.
Audio Data Demonstration Shows the effect of noise and signal clipping on audio data sent using OFDM
1. Introduction
1.1 Third Generation Wireless Networks
1.1.1 Evolution of Telecommunication Systems.
1.1.2 Overall Aims of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
1.1.3 Teleservices
1.1.4 UMTS Environments
1.1.5 Cell types
1.1.6 Radio Interface
1.1.7 Satellite Networking
1.1.8 Timetable for System Implementation
1.1.9 Conclusion 1.2 Propagation Characteristics of mobile radio channels
1.2.1 Attenuation
1.2.2 Multipath Effects
1.2.3 Doppler Shift 1.3 Multiple Access Techniques
1.3.1 Frequency Division Multiple Access
1.3.2 Time Division Multiple Access
1.3.3 Code Division Multiple Access
1.3.4 CDMA Process Gain
1.3.5 CDMA Generation
1.3.6 CDMA Forward Link Encoding
1.3.7 CDMA Reverse Link Encoding
1.3.8 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
1.3.9 OFDM generation
1.3.10 Adding a Guard Period to OFDM 2. OFDM Results
2.1 OFDM Model Used
2.1.1 Serial to Parallel Conversion
2.1.2 Modulation of Data
2.1.3 Inverse Fourier Transform
2.1.4 Guard Period 2.1.5 Channel
2.1.6 Receiver
2.1.7 OFDM Simulation Parameters 2.2 OFDM Simulated Results
2.2.1 Multipath Delay Spread Immunity
2.2.2 Peak Power Clipping
2.2.3 Gaussian Noise Tolerance of OFDM
2.2.4 Timing Requirements 2.3 Practical Measurements
2.3.1 Extended Model
2.3.2 Transmission Protocol
2.3.3 Video Recorder
2.3.4 Peak OFDM Performance for the VCR link
2.3.5 Audio Tape Player 2.4 Picture quality verse signal to noise ratio
2.4.1 Experimental comparison between QPSK and power averaged 256PSK
2.4.2 Results 2.5 Mathematical Model for OFDM performance
2.5.1 RMS Demodulated Phase Error
2.5.2 BER verses Channel Noise 2.6 OFDM system implementation
2.6.1 Using general purpose DSPs
2.6.2 Future DSP Processing Power
2.6.3 Hardware FFT Implementation 3. CDMA Results
3.1 Simulated Model
3.1.1 Forward Link
3.1.2 Reverse Path 3.2 Simulation Results
3.2.1 BER verses the number of users in a cell 3.3 Mathematical Model for Reverse Link
3.3.1 Cell Capacity for a CDMA system
3.3.2 Capacity of a single CDMA cell
3.3.3 Capacity of CDMA and OFDM with Multiple Cells 4. Conclusion
Bibliography
Appendix I. Acronyms
Appendix II. OFDM Guassian Noise Performance Prediction
Appendix III. BER verses Eb/No for a CDMA system

Radio Propagation Models

2006-01-10T21:29:00.000-08:00

Contents
Introduction
Path Loss: models of "large-scale effects"
Free space loss
Plane earth loss, ground reflections
Diffraction
Micro-Cellular, indoor channels
Shadowing, joint effect of multiple interferers.
Multipath: Rician and Rayleigh fading
Doppler spectrum, rate of fading, random FM
Threshold crossing rate TCR and average fade duration AFD
Delay spread and coherence bandwidth
Scatter function
Reciprocity of uplink and downlink
Appendix 1: Antenna Fundamentals

More links
http://www.astrosurf.org/lombry/qsl-propa.htm (Real photos and 3D picture)

Communications (NI Applications note and tutorial)

2006-01-10T18:53:00.000-08:00

Baseband Modulation Using Rectangular Pulses and Binary Pulse Amplitude Modulation

Benefits of SMC-Based Arbitrary Waveform Generators for I/Q Signal Generation

Communications Channels and Their Characteristics

Digital Transmission on Fading Multipath Channels

Elements of an Electrical Communications System

Introduction and History of Communications Systems

Mathematical Models for Communications Channels

Multicarrier Modulation and OFDM

Performance Improvement through Signal Diversity

Pulse Shaping to Improve Spectral Efficiency

Spread-Spectrum Communication Systems

Theory of Code Division Multiplexing

Theory of Frequency Division Multiplexing

Theory of Time Division Multiplexing

NI Example Code
LabVIEW

ADSL Parametric Test

T1 Parametric Test

Telecommunication Fundamentals

2005-10-30T23:47:00.000-08:00

1: Introduction
•Services, Systems and Networks
•Connectivity and routing

2: Characteristics of media & signals
• Sound, speech, video and data
• Power, time, frequency and phase ,Fourier series Animation
• Transmission media (cable & wireless)
•Transmission lines
Wave Propagation along a Transmission Line (Animation)
Transmission-Line Fundamentals Download (Exe file)
How antenna work

3: Digital Signals & time multiplexing
• PCM: sample, quantise & encode
• Regeneration
• Time multiplexing / multiple access
• Error detection and correction

4: Modulation and Modems
• Modulation and demodulation
• Frequency division multiple access
• Digital modulation: ASK, PSK, FSK
Amplitude Modulation (Animation)

Data Communication and Networking
Contents
1. Computer Networks
How The Internet Runs ™.com
How internet work

2. Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
How the OSI Model Works ™.com
How TCP/IP (Networking) Works ™.com Lecture Series
Introduction to TCP/IP (4:4)
TCP/IP and OSI Models(3:40)
Connection Controls and Windowing (2:55)

3. Local Area Network Technologies
How Ethernet work

4 LAN Media
How fiber optic work ,

5 LAN Devices
How Router Work , How Switches Work,

6. LAN design
LAN Design Cisco ,

7. LAN design Documentation
8. Wide Area networks (WANs)

9. IP Addressing
The LearntoSubnet™.com Lecture Series
How DNS Works™.com
What is an IP Address? (3:20)
ANDing Addresses (2:40)
Classes (7:51)
Solutions for Classes (1:32)
A Binary Lesson (8:25)
Solutions for Binary (8:26)
Subnetting (2:51)
Borrowing Bits(6:6)
Solutions for Borrowing(2:16)
Subnet Numbers (2:45)
Subnet Masks (3:54)
Solutions for Masks (2:33)
Address Ranges (7:31)
Solutions for Ranges(2:2)
Practice 1 (1:21)
Solutions for Practice 1(3:35)
Practice 2 (0:49)
Solutions for Practice 2(3:46)
Windows Calculator (2:36)
IP Version 6 (4:21)

10 Computer Network Security

ALOHA collision resolution animation and the exercise.
Pure Aloha Protocol

ISDN, PDF

How ATM work?

Experiment
Lab 1 Opnet
Lab 2 AM (DSB)
Lab 3

The details of the handouts, notes and tutorials can be found on the following WEB
address:
http://www.eng.brad.ac.uk/new/s_intranet/modres/NG1014M

Textbook
Introduction to Telecommunication, Gokhale
Data and Computer Communication , William Stalling.

Campanion Website
http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/miller3/

Instructor
Modern Electronic Communication, 8/E

ELECTRONICS EDUCYPEDIA

2005-09-29T02:00:00.000-07:00

Audio - acoustics
Audio - electronics
Audio - loudspeakers
Component-electronics
Component - sensors
Digital - electronics
Digital - I2C - I2S
Digital - PIC'S
Electricity - machines
Electricity - theory
General overview
Miscellaneous
Optics
Power control systems
Power electronics
RF - antennas
RF - communication
RF - radio - tuning
Tubes
TV-video-CD-DVD

Oscilloscope for Windows

2005-09-28T20:12:00.000-07:00

Digital Oscilloscope Uses PC Sound Card for Input
Oscilloscope for Windows is a Windows application that converts your PC into a powerful dual-trace oscilloscope.
Oscilloscope uses your PC's sound card as an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) to digitize any input waveform (speech, music, electric signal, etc.) and then presents it on the monitor in real time, allowing the user to control the display in the same way as on a conventional "standalone" scope, for example change gain, timebase or plot Lissajous patterns.
Download Digital Oscilloscope - 91 kB

RF Freeware and shareware

2005-09-28T19:43:00.000-07:00

Motorola Impedance Matching Program - FREE
Motorola's Impedance Matching Program is a specialized form of CAD specifically developed for RF power amplifier circuit design. It provides a simple environment for entering and analyzing impedance matching circuitry regularly employed in RF Power amplifier design.
Data sheets for RF devices contain large signal impedances (measured at a single combination of frequency, voltage, power level and power dissipation). These impedances must generally be transformed to another set of impedances (50 W or the input/output impedance of another device). To do this, MIMP provides a standard library of passive circuit elements; including various combinations of capacitors, inductors and transmission lines in both series and shunt configurations. It also contains a unique, DISTRIBUTED CAPACITANCE ELEMENT that models a capacitor distributed along a transmission line.
http://e-www.motorola.com/rf/designtds/mimp.html - 119K

Micrometals RF Design Software
Micrometals FREE RF design software, RF-Toroid was written as a supplement to the Micrometals RF Application catalog. Much emphasis was put into calculating the location of the Self resonate frequencies for series and shunt inductors. RF-Toroid is for use DC to 300 MHz. Much research went in to the calculation and corrections from the standard formulas for low perm & phenolic cores to better predict the RF style of winding and application. Some features include SRF for series and shunt cores, peak Q curve ranges and 200 & 360 degree coverage to achieve the best product possible for the microwave designer who needs accurate and abundant information at the finger tips to compare one core to another simultaneously. The custom core feature allows for custom shaped cores, stacking cores side by side , ferrite cores and machining custom phenolic cores from plastic, wood, ect... Micrometals hope this tool will serve you well.
Download Micrometals RF Design Software - 397 Kb

Electroinc Devices II

2005-09-27T02:44:00.000-07:00

Power Amplifiers
How Amplifier work?
Definitions and Amplifier Types,SERIES-FED class A Amplifier Transformer coupled class A Amplifier.Class B Amplifier operations, class B Amplifier circuits. Amplifier Distortion, Power Transistor, Heat Sinking, Class C Amplifiers.
http://wps.prenhall.com/chet_paynter_introduct_6/0,5779,426127-,00.html

Amplifier Frequency Response
Decibels, General Frequency Response Consideration, Low-Frequency Analysis-Bode Plot. Low Frequency Response-BJT Amplifier, Low Frequency Response-FET Amplifier.Miller Effect Capacitance, High-Frequency response-BJT Amplifier. High-frequency Response-FET Amplifier, Multi stage Frequency effects, square-wave Testing.
http://wps.prenhall.com/chet_paynter_introduct_6/0,5779,426211-,00.html
Frequency Response (Chapter 13)
Simple Circuits,Circuits with Op Amps,Circuits with Dependent Sources,Bode Plots,

Operational Amplifiers
Introduction, Differential and common-mode operation, common-mode Rejection Ratio,Op-amp Basics, Virtual Ground, Practical Op-Amp circuits, Inverting Differentiator. Op-amp Specifications-DC Offset Parameters, Input Offset Voltage, Input Offset Current, Input Bias Current, Frequency Parameters, Unity Gain-Bandwidth, Slew Rate, Maximum Signal Frequency.
http://www.williamson-labs.com/480_opam.htm
http://www.uoguelph.ca/~antoon/gadgets/741/741.html
http://wps.prenhall.com/chet_paynter_introduct_6/0,5779,426240-,00.html

Operational Amplifier applications
Constant Gain Multiplier, Voltage Summing, Voltage Subtraction, Voltage Buffer, Controlled Sources, Instrumentation circuits, DC Milivoltmeter, AC Milivoltmeter, Instrumentation Amplifier, comparator, Display Devices.
http://wps.prenhall.com/chet_paynter_introduct_6/0,5779,426269-,00.html

Filter
Stability Analysis, Compensation Active Filters, Basic Filter Responses, Filter Response Characteristics, Active Low-Pass Filters.Active High-Pass Filters, Active Band-Pass Filters, state-variable, Band-Pass Filter, Filter Response Measurements
Sallen Key Second order filter

Oscillator
Feedback Concepts, Feedback Connection Types, Oscillators, Definition, Oscillator Principles, Oscillator with RC Feedback circuits, Phase-shift Oscillator, Wien Bridge Oscillator.Oscillators with LC Feedback, Tuned Oscillators, Colpitt, Hartley Oscillator, Crystal Oscillator. Non-Simusoidal Oscillator, The 555 timer as an oscillator, Phase-Locked Loop.
http://wps.prenhall.com/chet_paynter_introduct_6/0,5779,426327-,00.html

Regulators
Voltage Regulation, Line Regulation, Load Regulation, Series Voltage Regulators, Shunt Voltage Regulator, IC Voltage Regulator, Basic Switching Regulators, step-down configuration.

PCB etching

2005-09-26T02:50:00.000-07:00

http://www.ocmodshop.com/default.aspx?a=203
http://deadpopstar.com/projects/electronics/pcb/
http://www.pcb123.com/tutorials/PDF%20Documents/Tutorial_V2.pdf

Mini Project

2005-08-24T00:58:00.000-07:00

Level 1
Learn about basic electronic components, such as resistor, capacitor, diode
Learn about basic instrument such as multimeter, oscilloscope.
Design basic circuits such as Voltage Divider, Alarm system, Game Timer.
http://www.doctronics.co.uk/design.htm

Level 2

Noise

2005-06-15T02:26:00.000-07:00

Theory
Signal to noise Ratio
Noise in Modulation system

Fourier Analysis

2005-06-15T01:48:00.000-07:00

Theory
Fourier Analysis

Animation
Time Domain Vs Frequency Domain
Fourier Series and Fourier Transform
Fourier Series (add hormonics to approximate signal)

Angle Modulation

2005-06-15T01:13:00.000-07:00

Animation
Frequency Modulation
FM (Agilent)
Preemphasis and Deemphasis
FM Stereo Modulation
Bessel Functions

Theory
Frequency Modulation
Phase Modulation

Amplitude Modulation

2005-06-15T01:06:00.000-07:00

Animation
Full AM/DSBSC/SSB
AM (Agilent)

Theory
Amplitude Modulation

Network Modeling Software

2005-05-30T03:05:00.000-07:00

Opnet
OPNET provides the largest, most comprehensive library of open source, discrete event simulation models for the information technology industry. Most modeling capabilities in the tables below are included in OPNET's Standard Model Library, which is included with OPNET's core products (Modeler, ODK, IT Guru, SP Guru).

The capabilities of the model library are not limited to the listing below as it is possible to develop any type of protocol or device model with OPNET process and node editors.

Certain features listed below require a separate purchase, and are annotated appropriately (NETWARS models, Product Modules, Specialized Models). There is also a column for free models that have been contributed by OPNET's user community, which consists of thousands of users from government agencies, contractors, network manufacturers, universities, and R&D organizations. Please contact OPNET Sales at info@opnet.com for more information.

Introduction to Communication System

2005-05-16T22:26:00.000-07:00

Types and Properties of Signal
Classification of signals, continuous and discrete time signals, deterministic and random signals periodic and non-periodic signals, even and odd signals, casual and non-casual signals, energy type and power type signal, special signals

Tools for waveform Signals Analysis
Basic signals,Time Domain VS Frequency Domain,Fourier Series and Fourier Transform Trigonometrically series and exponential series
,signaling rate and bandwidth, sampling theorem

Analog Modulation Process
Amplitude Modulation (AM)Double SideBand, Single Sideband Modulation,,Angle Modulation (FM/PM)
How the antenna work

Digital Modulation Process
Signal Quantization,Pulse-amplitude modulation(PAM),Pulse Width Modulation,Pulse Position Modulation,Pulse code modulation (PCM),Pre-emphasis and De-emphasis,Time-division multiplexing(TDM), Frequency –division multiplexing(FDM).Delta Modulation

Binary Modulation
Amplitude-shift keying(ASK). Frequency-shift keying(FSK). Phase-Shift keying(PSK),I-Q Modulation

Noise
Classification of Noise, White noise. Quantization Noise. Signal/ noise ration in analog and digital system.

Long Tail

Bluetooth Fun

Assignment
AM/FM Receiver
Modem
Telephone
Am Demodulator for Ultrasonic Receiver

Interactive Experiment
DSB Modulator Using Matlab

Reference Books
Principle of Communication, Ziemer, Tranter
http://www.contractor-books.com/DE/Elec_Comm_Sys-RB.htm

Reference Links
http://homepages.wmich.edu/~bazuinb/BJB_Seminars.htm

Research and Developement

2005-05-15T21:06:00.000-07:00

Voice Recognition

Signature Recognition

Fuzzy Logic
Fuzzy Logic and Its Uses
What is Fuzzy Logic
Everything About Fuzzy Logic

Wireless and Mobile System

2005-05-06T02:18:00.000-07:00

Books
INTRODUCTION TO WIRELESS AND MOBILE SYSTEMS,by Dharma Prakash Agrawal and Qing-An Zeng

Links
Radio Propagation Models

Optical Fiber Communications

2005-05-06T02:07:00.000-07:00

Reference Books
Optical Fiber Communications 3/e, by Gerd Keiser.

Electronic Software

2005-04-13T21:14:00.000-07:00

MATHLAB
MathWorks products have been widely adopted in the academic community to help make technical education more authentic and tangible. More than 3,500 universities around the world use MathWorks products for teaching and research in a broad range of technical disciplines.

NI LabVIEW
NI LabVIEW is the graphical development environment for creating flexible and scalable test, measurement, and control applications rapidly and at minimal cost. With LabVIEW, engineers and scientists interface with real-world signals, analyze data for meaningful information, and share results and applications. Regardless of experience, LabVIEW makes development fast and easy for all users.

NI LabVIEW for Academic
LabVIEW 7.1, an industry standard graphical programming environment designed specifically for scientists and engineers is now available for students. The intuitive, easy to learn LabVIEW environment enables students to quickly compute, simulate, and devise solutions to their homework problems and design projects in areas such as signal and image processing, control, and communications.

Closing the Hardware Design Loop with Electronics Workbench
Multisim and National Instruments LabVIEW

Multisim Student Version
Students all around the world, at many different academic levels, use Electronics Workbench products in their studies in the areas of electricity, electronics, electrical engineering, computer engineering, communications, and physics to name a few. To support your use of our software tools we have developed a wealth of resources and valuable product information provided below. This material can help you get better use of our software and ultimately be more successful in your studies.

Commsim 7 Commsim 7 is used for modeling end-to-end communication systems at the signal or physical level. The latest generation of Commsim incorporates end-user feedback with improved simulation performance and easy-to-use design creation.

CircuitMaker
CircuitMaker Student Version
This edition of CircuitMaker was created especially to provide students with access to one of the best resources available for learning electronics.

The CircuitMaker Student Version is the same as CircuitMaker Version 6,with the following limitations:

Maximum of 50 devices per design (any type);
Device library limited to 1,000 models;
Symbol editor and Macro feature disabled;
PCB netlist export limited to TraxMaker format;
Technical support limited to fax and email only.

Circuitmaker tutorial1

RF Communication System

2005-03-22T22:28:00.000-08:00

Agilent RF corner: Java-Animation, Lab Experimant, Training Modules,Applications notes and etc

AM and FM circuit

Free tutorial and articles teach you how to build a broadcasting system, transmitter, receiver, antenna and etc.

A complete note and circuit for radio system

Fourier Series : History, Math and application.

Animation of Fourier Series, Fourier Transform, Convolution,Laplace Transform,Non-linear Processing and Modulation.

Demonstration of Fourier Series, Convolution,LTI,DTF,DTFS and etc
Line Coding, Impairment,PCM,Digital to analog and Synchronization

Information and Signal Theory, Classification signal, Matlab files

Electronic stuffs

2005-03-21T21:16:00.000-08:00

Transistor basis, history, application, tutorial, circuit,and etc

Prenticehall Electronic Supersite

Penang Electronic Blog

Electronic, Electrical, Networking and Telecommunication

PIC Project DIY

Tony Buzan's Mind Mapping

Programming dsPIC (Digital Signal Controllers) in C

Programming dsPIC (Digital Signal Controllers) in C”

“Architecture and Programming of 8051 Microcontrollers”

“Architecture and Programming of 8051 Microcontrollers”

“Programming PIC Microcontrollers in BASIC” — online, free

“Programming PIC Microcontrollers in BASIC” — online, free

Table of Contents

Agilent Education Resources

"Agilent Education Resources"

Java Animations

PIC Microcontrollers 16F887 ebook

PIC microcontrollers, for beginners

Introduction to PLC controllers

A collection of free electronic ebook online

A collection of free electronic ebook online.

Books

PIC Microcontrollers NEW!!!

BASIC for PIC microcontrollers

PIC microcontrollers 3rd edition !!!

Programming dsPIC MCU in PASCAL

Programming dsPIC MCU in BASIC

Programming dsPIC MCU in C

Architecture and programming of 8051 MCU's

Components of electronic devices

Radio Receivers

Introduction to industrial PLC controllers

Other Authors Books

Microcontrôleurs PIC : programmation en Basic

mikroBASIC Derleyici - Türkçe Kitap

PLC Trainer Software and video

Most Popular Software Downloads!

Motors and Machines: animations and java applets

wiimote, new way of playing games

Transfomer

Science and Technology News

7 dollars Mall

Industrial Control and Automation

Get Homework Help For Your Actual Textbook Now!

Embedded Systems, Design and Application

Question and solution resources

Electronic Devices I

Modern Control System

Electronics Application Project

How to Write a Good Report

How to write a report abstract.

Virtual BreadBoard

"CSMA/CD"

Fundamentals of Wireless Communication

Pure Aloha Protocol

Virtual Labs & Simulations

Principle of Electric Circuits

Radio Astronomy

PIC Micro Tutorial

Basic Electric and Magnetic (animation)

Interactive Experiments

RF Corner

Electric Circuit Study Applet

Basic Electrical Technology

Electromagnetic Compatibility Testing (EMC)

The suitability of OFDM as a modulation technique for wireless telecommunications

Radio Propagation Models

Communications (NI Applications note and tutorial)

Telecommunication Fundamentals

ELECTRONICS EDUCYPEDIA

Oscilloscope for Windows

RF Freeware and shareware

Electroinc Devices II

PCB etching

Mini Project

Noise

Fourier Analysis

Angle Modulation

Amplitude Modulation

Network Modeling Software

Introduction to Communication System

Research and Developement